Authors: Jonathan Israel
Tags: #History, #Europe, #France, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #18th Century, #Philosophy, #Political, #Social
92
. Sieyès,
Manuscrits, 1773–1799
, 344.
93
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 17:480, 17:484 (31 July 1790); Elyada, “La mise au pilori,” 3–6, 11.
94
.
Assemblée National, Commune de Paris
, no. 170 (21 Jan. 1790), 4;
La Chronique de Paris
2, 238 (26 Aug. 1790), 949; Forsyth,
Reason and Revolution
, 208–9; Lawday,
Giant of the French Revolution
, 66–68.
95
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 163 (16 July 1790), 2–3.
96
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 192 (11 July 1790), 767; Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 162 (15 July 1790), 1058.
97
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 205 (24 July 1790), 817–18; Trousson,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
, 748; Fitzsimmons,
Remaking of France
, 109.
98
.
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris
, no. 344 (14 July 1790), 3 and no. 345 (16 July 1790), 3–4; Bindman,
Shadow of the Guillotine
, 93–94.
99
. Gorsas,
Le Courrier de Paris
, 20 Dec. 1790, 12–13; Walton,
Policing Public Opinion
, 107–8.
100
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 17:458 (31 July 1790);
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris
, no. 362 (2 Aug. 1790), 2–3.
101
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 183 (2 July 1790), 731; Lanthenas,
Liberté indefinie
, 8.
102
. Audouin,
Journal universel
, no. 272 (21 Aug. 1790), 2173–74.
103
. Lanthenas,
Liberté indéfinie
, 9; Walton,
Policing Public Opinion
, 110–11.
104
. Lanthenas,
Liberté indéfinie
, 15–21.
105
. Ibid., 31; Walton,
Policing Public Opinion
, 111.
106
. Lanthenas,
Liberté indéfinie
, 34–35.
107
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
, 6:284; Lüsebrink et al.,
The Bastille
, 119–25; Bell,
Cult of the Nation
, 169–70.
108
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 214 (2 Aug. 1790), 853; Aaslestad,
Place and Politics
, 117–18; Engels, “Freye Deutsche!,” 248, 251–52.
109
. [Palissot],
Considérations importantes
, 6; La Harpe,
Discours sur la liberté
, 6.
110
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 182 (1 July 1790), 725–27; Friedland,
Political Actors
, 263–66.
111
. [Palissot],
Considérations importantes
, 10–13;
La Chronique de Paris
2, 223 (11 Aug. 1790), 890.
112
. Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
4, no. 18 (Dec. 170), 140–41 and no. 19, 161.
113
. Ibid., 3, no. 65 (Dec. 1790), 526.
114
. PFL Pamphlets 178 999, vol. 35, no. 3; Maslan,
Revolutionary Acts
, 51.
115
.
Journal de Paris
, no. 322 (18 Nov. 1790), 1310.
116
. Ibid., no. 353 (19 Dec. 1790), 1433–34.
117
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 216 (4 Aug. 1790), 863.
118
.
Archives Parlementaires,
17:460 (31 July 1790).
119
. Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple,
no. 14 (June 1790), 439 and no. 54 (July), 105–7.
120
. Labbé,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 100.
121
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 17:178–79 (17 July 1790).
122
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 234 (21 July 1790), 933;
La Feuille villageoise
1, no. 10 (2 Dec. 1790), 187; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 337; Vincent, “Les Américains,” 483–86.
123
. Bonneville,
La Bouche de fer,
1 (1790), 110–11.
124
. Whaley,
Radicals
, 33.
125
. Censer,
Prelude to Power
, 21; Whaley,
Radicals
, 35.
126
. Ravitch, “Abbé Fauchet,” 247–62; Sorkin,
Religious Enlightenment
, 273–74, 283.
127
. Fauchet,
Sermon sur l’accord
, 24; Bonneville,
La Bouche de fer,
no. 36 (29 March 1791), 578–80 and no. 42 (14 April), 104.
128
. Bonneville,
La Bouche de fer,
no. 36 (29 March 1791), 581; Mortier,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 196–97; Shovlin,
Political Economy
, 193.
129
. Popkin, “Journals,” 158.
130
.
La Feuille villageoise
1, no. 10 (2 Dec. 1790), 1–3, 5; Bell,
Cult of the Nation
, 165.
131
.
La Feuille villageoise
1, no. 12 (16 Dec. 1790), 221;
La Chronique de Paris
2, 234 (21 July 1790), 933.
132
.
La Feuille villageoise
1, no. 7 (11 Nov. 1790), 115–16.
133
. Ibid., no. 7 (11 Nov. 1790), 122–23.
134
. Ibid., no. 19 (3 Feb. 1791), 351.
CHAPTER 6
Deadlock (November 1790–July 1791)
1
. Bates,
Enlightenment Aberrations
, 133–35.
2
. Letter of Pétion, 24 April 1791, in Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
9, 135–36; Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 28.
3
. Letter of Pétion, 24 April 1791, in Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
9, 137.
4
. Manuel,
Lettres sur la Révolution,
1–4, 7, 15, 20.
5
.
La Chronique de Paris
, prospectus for 1791, no. 1 (1 Jan. 1791).
6
. Ibid.; and
La Chronique de Paris
, prospectus for 1792.
7
. Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
17 (2 May 1791), 260; Tackett,
Becoming a Revolutionary
, 279–80.
8
.
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris,
no. 319 (19 June 1790), 2–3.
9
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 12 April 1791.
10
. Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
2, no. 57, 452–53.
11
.
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris,
no. 398 (7 Sept. 1790), 2–5; no. 430 (9 Oct. 1790), 4; no. 431 (10 Oct. 1790), 2–3; and no. 432 (11 Oct. 1790), 2.
12
. Elyada, “Les récits,” 281.
13
. Gorsas,
Le Courrier de Paris
, 20 Dec. 1790, 11; Hanson,
Provincial Politics
, 36, 42, 68.
14
. PFL Pamph. 109, 178 999, vol. 35, no. 2,
Déjeuner de Vaugirard
(n.p. 1790), 3–6.
15
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 17:486 (30 July 1790).
16
.
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris
, no. 347 (18 July 1790).
17
. Gorsas,
Le Courrier de Paris
, 20 Dec. 1790, 4–5, 16.
18
. Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
3, no. 65, 523–24.
19
. Johnson,
Midi in Revolution
, 85, 97.
20
. Proly,
Le Cosmopolite
, no. 356 (12 March 1792).
21
. Gorsas,
Le Courrier de Paris
, 20 Dec. 1790, 2.
22
. Johnson,
Midi in Revolution
, 72, 74, 92, 133, 137;
Journal de Paris
, no. 354 (20 Dec.1790), 1436.
23
. Gorsas,
Le Courrier de Paris
, 20 Dec.1790, 4; Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
3, no. 66, 528, 531–32.
24
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 320 (24 Dec. 1790), 1954–56.
25
. Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 136–39; McPhee,
Robespierre
, 79–86.
26
.
La Feuille villageoise
1, no. 21 (17 Feb. 1791), 391; Bessy, “Le parti Jacobin,” 28–29.
27
. Roland,
Memoirs
, 75, 80; D’Abrantès,
Salons révolutionnaires
, 65–66, 84–85; May,
Madame Roland
, 186–87.
28
.
Journal de Paris,
no. 93 (3 April 1791), 376.
29
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 24:537 (4 April 1791).
30
. Ibid., 24:558–59 (4 April 1791);
Journal de Paris
, no. 95 (5 April 1791), 381–82; Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
5, no. 35 (April 1791), 293–94.
31
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 6 April 1791, 2–3.
32
. Gorsas,
Courrier des LXXXIII
, no. 23, 21 (21 April 1791), 322.
33
. Ibid.
,
no. 23, 4 and 5 (4 and 5 April 1791), 51–52, 56.
34
. Ibid.
,
no. 23, 17 (17 April 1791), 263; Trousson,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
, 747; Robisco,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
, 200.
35
. Gorsas,
Courrier des LXXXIII
, no. 23, 17 (17 April 1791), 263.
36
. Barber, “Financial History,” 165–67.
37
.
Journal de Paris
, no. 151 (31 May 1791), 605–6.
38
. Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
24 (10 May 1791), 377–79; Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
5, no. 46 (April 171), 382–83.
39
. Gorsas,
Courrier des LXXXIII
23, no. 19 (19 April 1791) and 84 (20 April 1791), 292–93, 295, 313; Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
5 (April 171), 365; Petitfils,
Louis XVI
, 2:311–13; Burstin,
Révolution
, 249–52.
40
. Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
24 (10 May 1791), 383 and 29 (25 May 1791), 617–18.
41
. Ibid., 23 (9 May 1791), 377.
42
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
455 (11 May 1791), 3–5; Monnier, “Démocratie représentative,” 7.
43
. Sewell,
Work and Revolution
, 87–91.
44
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
7 (10 July 1791), 63.
45
. Monnier, “Démocratie représentative,” 7.
46
. Robert and Keralio,
Mercure national
35 (21 May 1791), 555–58.
47
. Kates,
Cercle Social
, 147.
48
. Ibid., 149–50.
49
. Brissot,
Le Patriote français
676 (15 June 1791); Hampson,
Will and Circumstance
, 186–87; Gross,
Fair Shares
, 124–26.
50
. Brissot,
Le Patriote français
676 (15 June 1791); Edelstein, “Feuille villageoise,” 190–93.
51
. See, for instance, Dorigny,
Les Girondins
, 569–83.
52
. Hampson,
Social History
, 183.
53
. BL 910.c.16/7, “Lettre d’un citoyen de Marseille …, sur M. de Mirabeau et l’Abbé Raynal,” 1–2, 45–46.
54
. Manuel,
Lettres sur la Révolution,
91, 178;
Conversation entre Messieurs Raynal et Linguet
, 3, 11, 31, 40; De Luna, “Dean Street Style,” 179.
55
. Manuel,
Lettres sur la Révolution
, 46, 50.
56
. Maréchal and Lalande,
Dictionnaire des Athées
, 260.
57
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 30 (30 Jan. 1790), 117; Brissot,
Le Patriote français
152 (7 Jan. 1790), 3–4.
58
.
Assemblée Nationale, Commune de Paris
, no. 398 (7 Sept. 1790), 8.
59
. Malouet,
Mémoires
, 2:36–50; Pagden,
The Enlightenment
, 168–69.
60
. Raynal,
Adresse
(31 May 1791), 6–7, 15;
Journal de Paris,
no. 152 (1 June 1791), 611–12 and no. 153 (2 June 1791), 613–14.
61
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 26:650–53 (31 May 1791).
62
. Sinéty, “Réflexions importantes,” in
Archives Parlementaires
, 26:661–62 (31 May 1791).