Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre (195 page)

210
,
235
,
289
,
307
,
354
,
363
,
379
–
80
,
621
; and universalism (cosmopolitanisme),
293
,
321
,
328
,
361
–
62
,
410
,
413
,
682
,
689
,
706
–
8
; and wealth redistribution (
see
wealth redistribution)

Radical Enlightenment, as principal shaping cause of the French Revolution,
14
–
30
,
68
–
69
,
72
–
75
,
78
,
82
–
85
,
88
,
90
,
93
,
99
–
100
,
105
,
112
,
120
–
26
,
175
,
180
–
82
,
192
,
201
,
207
,
223
,
225
–
26
,
227
,
234
–
36
,
255
,
261
–
62
,
322
–
23
,
334
–
35
,
368
,
376
–
77
,
383
,
387
,
396
–
419
,
564
,
616
,
621
,
699
,
702
,
704
–
8
; culminates in February 1793 constitution,
346
–
50
,
352
–
57
,
365
–
66
,
368
–
69

Raimond, Julien (1744–1801), anti-Montagnard free black leader in Paris,
400
,
402
,
407
,
410
,
418
,
582

Rasori, Giovanni (1766–1837), Milanese revolutionary journalist,
643
–
44

Raynal, Abbé Guillaume-Thomas (1713–96), radical philosophe,
4
,
19
–
20
,
34
–
35
,
48
,
50
,
68
,
143
,
224
,
278
,
289
,
318
,
333
,
349
,
396
,
565
,
651
; and black emancipation,
396
,
411
–
12
; rejects democracy,
157
; repudiates Revolution,
157
–
59
,
706
. See also
Histoire philosophique des Deux Indes

Réal, Pierre-François (1757–1834), republican journalist,
594
,
675
,
685
,
690
,
701
–
2

Récamier, Juliette (1777–1849), Parisian
salonnière
,
602
,
631

referendum on June 1793 constitution,
373
,
463
–
64

refractory clergy.
See
clergy: nonjuring

Rehberg, August Wilhelm (1757–1836), conservative
Aufklärer
,
232
,
335

Reimarus, Else (1735–1805), the “Muse of Hamburg,” daughter of Hermann Samuel,
133

Reimarus, Johann Albrecht Heinrich (1729–1814), Hamburg physician,
132
–
33

Reims (Marne department),
189
,
453
,
671

relic destruction.
See
iconoclasm

religious processions forbidden,
496
,
604
–
5
,
682
,
684

religious vows (celibacy, poverty, submission),
183
–
84
,
187

Rennes, capital of Brittany,
32
,
36
,
113
,
168
,
189
,
196
,
529
,
671
; and Feuillants,
221
; and parlement,
36
,
99

Le Républicain
(1791),
206
,
209
–
10

republicanism, pre-1792 French revolutionary,
28
–
29
,
35
,
70
,
77
,
97
,
110
,
114
,
164
,
166
–
68
,
175
,
216
–
17
,
345
–
73
,
699
,
703
,
706

representation.
See
democracy, Condorcet’s concept of

restaurants,
602

Reubell, Jean-François (1747–1807), Comité de Salut Public member after Thermidor,
604
; Director,
629
,
679
,
691
,
727

“Revolution of Reason,”
89
–
90

“Revolution of the Will,”
21
,
27
,
90
,
286

Rhenish republic (Rheinisch-Deutsche Freistaat) (Mainz, Speyer, Worms),
4
,
319
–
21
,
338
,
340
–
42
,
420
,
440
,
472
,
641
,
683
; and peasantry,
320
; and Protestants,
321
,
340
; Rheinisch-Deutsche Nationalkonvent,
338
,
340
–
41

Rhine ecclesiastical electorates,
235
–
37
,
245
,
317
,
319
,
321

Riez (department of Basses-Alpes),
114

Rigaud, André (1761–1811), mulatto rebel leader in Haitian Revolution,
418
–
19

Rivarol, Antoine de (1753–1801), royalist writer,
257
,
697
,
702

Robert, Pierre François (1762–1826), Belgian Dantonist and republican publicist,
29
,
120
,
64
,
142
,
206
,
269
,
273
,
554
,
703
,
727

Robespierre, Augustin (1763–94), lawyer and younger brother of Maximilien Robespierre,
446
–
47
,
501
,
503
,
528
,
578
–
81
,
727

Robespierre, Maximilien (1758–94), Montagnard leader and agent of Terror,
10
,
51
,
90
,
150
,
208
,
218f
,
343
–
44
,
348
,
358
,
370
,
410
,
472
,
670
,
727
; and anti-philosophisme
243
,
249
–
50
,
255
,
274
,
280
,
283
,
287
,
303
–
4
,
358
–
63
,
387
–
91
,
393
,
500
–
501
,
510
–
11
,
531
,
551
,
563
,
565
,
615
–
16
,
685
,
688
–
89
,
697
; antirepublicanism,
24
,
29
,
167
–
69
,
175
,
177
,
179
,
205
,
216
,
241
,
249
,
281
–
83
,
292
,
307
,
360
–
61
,
370
–
71
,
503
,
584
,
683
,
685
,
697
,
701
–
2
; and “atheism is aristocratic,”
22
,
304
,
499
–
500
,
551
,
562
–
64
,
566
,
568
,
575
–
76
; combats the Enragés,
438
,
467
–
70
; complicity of, in “September prison massacres,”
271
–
73
,
280
–
81
,
287
; controls the Jacobins,
273
–
74
,
280
,
282
,
422
,
702
; curbs de-Christianization,
482
,
497
–
501
,
521
,
563
; defends 1791 Constitution,
212
,
249
,
254
,
282
,
701
–
2
; denounces Dantonists as neo-Brissotins,
540
–
41
,
554
–
55
; denounces “herésies politiques,”
539
–
41
; educational ideals,
387
,
389
,
391
,
393
–
94
; eschews revolutionary
journées
,
243
,
256
,
261
,
263
,
282
; eulogized by Marat,
148
,
164
–
65
,
217
,
244
; exalts “the ordinary” (populaire),
148
,
216
–
17
,
249
,
275
,
284
,
371
,
423
,
453
,
477
,
499
,
501
,
557
,
602
; feud of, with Brissot,
230
,
233
,
239
–
43
,
249
,
263
,
268
–
69
,
274
,
282
,
302
,
422
–
23
,
455
,
514
; on “God and Providence,”
384
,
498
,
500
–
501
,
561
,
563
–
65
,
567
–
69
,
577
(
see also
Cult of the Supreme Being
); and immortality of the soul,
498
,
501
,
561
,
566
,
575
–
76
; and “incorruptibility,”
291
–
92
,
297
,
300
,
303
–
5
,
307
,
586
; and modérantisme denounced,
294
,
423
,
444
,
500
,
538
–
39
; as “new Cataline,”
576
–
77
,
578
,
581
; as “new Cromwell,”
291
,
448
,
550
,
578
–
79
,
584
; opposes women’s equality,
95
,
128
,
367
,
379
,
563
,
568
; opposes summoning fédérés,
230
; personality of,
243
,
302
–
5
,
449
,
546
–
47
; and psychological sickness,
546
–
47
,
550
,
565
,
574
–
75
,
589
; reputation of, revived by Babouvistes,
597
,
630
,
671
; and Rousseauism,
22
,
148
,
244
,
250
,
280
,
292
,
302
,
304
,
358
,
367
,
557
,
566
; and Rousseauist notion of representation,
358
,
367
,
370
; satirized,
297
–
300
,
572
,
574
–
75
; selects criminals as chief aides,
294
–
95
,
510
,
578
,
580
,
586
,
601
; seeks dictatorship,
217
,
221
,
250
,
291
–
92
,
300
,
309
,
387
,
410
,
442
–
44
,
459
–
60
,
541
,
575
,
585
–
86
,
702
; and Sparticism,
389
,
553
,
561
–
63
; suppresses press freedom,
459
–
60
,
466
,
512
–
13
,
530
–
34
; ties modérantisme to “extremism,”
539
–
40
; and “virtue,”
244
,
250
,
297
,
304
–
5
,
521
,
557
,
561
,
563
,
602
; and vote-rigging,
244
,
273
–
74
,
291
,
358
,
365
,
439
,
688
–
89