Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (51 page)

3
.  Jason Mazzone,
The Security Constitution,
53
UCLA L. REV.
29, 38 (2005).

4
.  
THE FEDERALIST NO.
41, at 275 (James Madison) (Jacob E. Cooke ed., Middletown, CT: Wesleyan Univ. Press 1961).

5
.  
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS, ASSESSING DAMAGE, URGING ACTION: REPORT OF THE EMINENT JURISTS PANEL ON TERRORISM, COUNTER-TERRORISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS
159 (2009),
http://ejp.icj.org/IMG/EJP-Report.pdf
.

6
.  Harold Hongju Koh,
The Spirit of the Laws,
43
HARV. INT’L L.J.
23, 23 (2002).

7
.  
ASSESSING DAMAGE,
supra
note 5, at 164.

8
.  9/11
COMMISSION REPORT: FINAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE UNITED STATES
394-95 (Washington, DC: USGPO, 2004),
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/fullreport.pdf
.

9
.  
TERRORISM, GOVERNMENT, AND LAW
(Susan N. Herman & Paul Finkelman eds., New York: Praeger 2008).

10
.  
THE FEDERALIST NO.
51, at 351 (James Madison) (Jacob E. Cooke ed., Middletown, CT: Wesleyan Univ. Press 1961).

11
.  
See
Susan N. Herman,
Collapsing Spheres: Joint Terrorism Task Forces, Federalism, and the War on Terror,
41
WILLAMETTE L. REV.
941, 947 (2005).

12
.  Burt Neuborne,
Toward Procedural Parity in Constitutional Litigation,
22
WM.
&
MARY L. REV.
725, 731 (1981).

13
.  
See
Alien and Sedition Acts, Va. Res. (1789),
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virres.asp;
Alien and Sedition Acts, Ky. Res. (1799),
http://avalon.law.yale. edu/18th_century/kenres.asp
.

14
.  
See Resolutions Passed,
BILL OF RIGHTS DEFENSE COMMITTEE
(Mar. 27, 2009, 11:55
A.M.),
http://www.bordc.org/resources/alphalist.pdf
.

15
.  
See
Herman,
Collapsing Spheres, supra
note 11, at 950–55.

16
.  
See
Heather Gerken,
Foreword: Federalism All the Way Down,
124
HARV. L. REV.
1, 60–71 (2010) (describing the interplay of dissent by local decision-makers and national policy).

17
.  
See
FOX BUTTERFIELD
,
A NATION CHALLENGED: THE INTERVIEWS;
Police Are Split on Questioning of Mideast Men,
N.Y. TIMES,
Nov. 22, 2001,
http://www.ny-times.com/2001/11/22/national/22POLI.html
.

18
.  Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997);
see
Ann Althouse,
The Vigor
of Anti-Commandeering Doctrine in Times of Terror, in
TERRORISM, GOVERNMENT, AND LAW,
supra
note 9, at 25.

19
.  For a critique of the operation of the Fusion Centers,
see
Michael German & Jay Stanley,
What’s Wrong with Fusion Centers,
http://www.aclu.org/files/pdfs/privacy/fusioncenter_20071212.pdf
, updated in 2008, and in
More About Fusion Centers,
ACLU
(June 25, 2010),
http://www.aclu.org/spy-files/more-about-fusion-centers
. For an academic perspective,
see
Danielle Keats Citron & Frank Pasquale,
Network Accountability for the Domestic Intelligence Apparatus,
62
HASTINGS L.J.
__(2011) (critiquing Fusion Centers as eroding civil liberties and overreaching in a manner that has resulted in “wasted resources without concomitant gains in security”).

20
.  
See, e.g., The ACLU Fights Illegal Phone Spying in Colorado,
ACLU
(Jan. 16, 2007),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/aclu-fights-illegal-phone-spying-colorado
.

21
.  FISA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110–261 § 801, 122 Stat. 2436, 2467 (2008).

22
.  
GEOFFREY R. STONE, WAR AND LIBERTY
155 (New York: W.W. Norton 2007).

23
.  
See, e.g.
, Jack Goldsmith & Cass R. Sunstein,
Military Tribunals and Legal Culture: What a Difference Sixty Years Makes,
19
CONST. COMMENT,
261, 285 (2002); Mark Tushnet,
Defending Korematsu? Reflections on Civil Liberties in Wartime,
2003
WISC. L. REV.
273, 294–95 (2003); David Cole,
The New McCarthyism: Repeating History in the War on Terrorism,
38
HARV. C.R.-C.L.L. REV.
1 (2003).

24
.  
See
GEOFFREY R. STONE, PERILOUS TIMES
33–41 (New York: W.W. Norton 2004).

25
.  
Id.
at 71–73.

26
.  Japanese-American Evacuation Claims Act of 1948, ch. 814, 62 Stat. 1231 (1948) (codified in scattered sections of 50 U.S.C. app.).

27
.  18 U.S.C. § 4001.

28
.  Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Pub. L. No. 100–383, 102 Stat. 903, 903 (codified at 50 U.S.C. app. § 1989).

29
.  
COMMISSION ON THE WARTIME RELOCATION AND INTERNMENT OF CIVILIANS, PERSONAL JUSTICE DENIED
5–8 (Washington, DC: USGPO 1983).

30
.  Korematsu v. United States, 584 F. Supp. 1406 (C.D. Cal. 1984); Hirabayashi v. United States, 828 F.2d 591 (9th Cir. 1987).

31
.  Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).
See
JOHN HART ELY, DEMOCRACY AND DISTRUST,
105–16 (Cambridge, MA: Harv. Univ. Press 1980); Geoffrey R. Stone,
Free Speech in the Twenty-First Century: Ten Lessons from the Twentieth Century,
36
PEPP. L. REV.
273 (2009) (evaluating the line of decisions from Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919), in 1919, to
Brandenburg
in 1969).

32
.  
FREDERICK A. O. SCHWARZ, JR.
&
AZIZ Z. HUQ, UNCHECKED AND UNBALANCED
21–56 (New York: New Press 2007).

33
.  
HAROLD C. RELYEA, SPECIAL S. COMM. ON NAT’L EMERGENCIES AND DELEGATED EMERGENCY POWERS, A BRIEF HISTORY OF EMERGENCY POWERS IN THE UNITED STATES
(Washington, DC: USGPO 1974).

34
.  
SCHWARZ
&
HUQ,
supra
note 32, at 59–61.

Further Reading

Bruce Ackerman,
Before the Next Attack: Preserving Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006).

ACLU Reports:
America Unrestored
(2010);
The New Normal
(2010);
Blocking Faith, Freezing Charity
(2009);
What’s Wrong with Fusion Centers?
(2007);
The Surveillance-Industrial Complex
(2004);
Bigger Monster, Weaker Chains: The Growth of an American Surveillance Society
(2003);
Unpatriotic Acts: The FBI’s Power to Rifle Through Your Personal Belongings and Records Without Telling You
(2003);
Insatiable Appetite: The Government’s Demand for New and Unnecessary Powers After September 11
(2002)—available at
http://www.aclu.org
.

Jonathan Alter,
The Promise: President Obama, Year One
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).

Hannah Arendt,
The Human Condition
(2d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).

Andrew Bacevich,
The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism
(New York: Holt, 2009).

Stewart A. Baker and John Kavanagh, eds.,
Patriot Debates: Experts Debate the USA PATRIOT Act
(Chicago: American Bar Assn., 2005).

James Bamford,
Body of Secrets
(New York: Anchor Books, 2002).

James Bamford,
The Puzzle Palace
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982).

Phillip Bobbitt,
Terror and Consent: The Wars for the Twenty-First Century
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008).

Erwin Chemerinsky,
The Conservative Assault on the Constitution
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).

Richard A. Clarke,
Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror
(New York: Free Press, 2004).

David Cole,
Enemy Aliens: Double Standards and Constitutional Freedoms in the War on Terrorism
(2d ed. New York: New Press, 2005).

David Cole and Jules Lobel,
Less Safe, Less Free: Why America Is Losing the War on Terror
(New York: New Press, 2007).

Whitfield Diffie and Susan E. Landau,
Privacy on the Line
(2d ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007).

Laura K. Donohue,
The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).

John Hart Ely,
Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980).

Eminent Jurists Panel on Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Human Rights
(Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, 2009).

Susan Faludi,
The Terror Dream: Fear and Fantasy in Post-9/11 America
(New York: Metropolitan, 2007).

Bruce Fein,
Constitutional Peril: The Life and Death Struggle for Our Constitution and Democracy
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).

Michel Foucault,
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
(New York: Vintage, 1979).

Barry Friedman,
The Will of the People: How Public Opinion Has Influenced the Supreme Court and Shaped the Meaning of the Constitution
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2009).

Benjamin H. Friedman, Jim Harper, and Christopher A. Preble, eds.,
Terrorizing Ourselves: Why U.S. Counterterrorism Policy Is Failing and How to Fix It
(Washington, DC: Cato, 2010).

Mary Fulbrook,
The People’s State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker
(London: Yale University Press, 2008).

Jack Goldsmith,
The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush Administration
(New York: W.W. Norton, 2009).

Amy Goodman and David Goodman,
Standing Up to the Madness: Ordinary Heroes in Extraordinary Times
(New York: Hyperion, 2008).

Bernard Harcourt,
Against Prediction
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007).

Susan N. Herman,
The Right to a Speedy and Public Trial
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006).

Susan N. Herman and Paul Finkelman, eds.,
Terrorism, Government, and Law
(New York: Praeger, 2008).

Peter Irons,
Justice at War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1983).

Amitava Kumar,
A Foreigner Carrying in the Crook of His Arm a Tiny Bomb
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010).

George Lakoff,
Don’t Think of an Elephant!
(White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004).

Nelson Lasson,
The History and Development of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
(New York: Da Capo, 1970).

Richard C. Leone and Greg Anrig, Jr., eds.,
The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism
(New York: Public Affairs, 2003).

Eric Lichtblau,
Bush’s Law: The Remaking of American Law
(New York: Pantheon, 2008).

John P. MacKenzie,
Absolute Power: How the Unitary Executive Theory Is Undermining the Constitution
(New York: Century Foundation, 2008).

Jane Mayer,
The Dark Side
(New York: Anchor Books, 2009).

National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, The 9/11 Commission Report
(Washington, DC: USGPO, 2004).

National Research Council of the National Academy of Science,
Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorism
(Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008).

Barack Obama,
The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream
(New York: Vintage, 2008).

Christian Parenti,
The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America from Slave Passes to the War on Terror
(New York: Basic Books, 2003).

Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule,
Terror in the Balance: Security, Liberty, and the Courts
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Richard Posner,
Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).

William H. Rehnquist,
All the Laws But One
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998).

David Remnick,
The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010).

Anthony D. Romero and Dina Temple-Raston,
In Defense of Our America: The Fight for Civil Liberties in the Age of Terror
(New York: HarperCollins, 2007).