Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (53 page)

Sixth Circuit, 178, 202–204, 208

Third Circuit, 202–203

Cowan, Alison Leigh, 143

Credit reports, 89, 91–92, 137

D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals.
See
Courts of Appeal, U.S.

Daily Kos, 161

Daniels, Chris, 80

The Dark Side,
172

Daschle, Tom (Senator, U.S.), 170

Data banks, 86, 155

Databases, 58, 96, 123, 128, 155, 162, 167, 175

Data collection, 86–102, 155

Data mining, 87, 95, 98–99, 162, 177, 178

Dataveillance, 88, 98, 101

Decider, 193

Democracy and Distrust
, 198

Democracy Now
, 151

Democrats, 7, 17, 196

Department of Commerce, U.S., 97

Department of Homeland Security, U.S., 63, 67, 70, 73–74, 77–78

Department of Justice, U.S., 7–8, 36, 51, 72, 97, 116, 117, 133, 135, 141, 143, 146, 152, 155, 157, 160, 162–163, 167–169, 172, 174–175, 180, 183, 192, 195, 206

Deportation, 25–26, 31, 55, 62, 201–202, 203, 208, 215

Detroit Free Press
, 201, 203

DeWitt, General, 207

DHS TRIP program, 70, 73–75, 92

Diamond, Larry, 177

Dinh, Viet (Assistant Attorney General, U.S.), 148

Dirty Bomber, 35

Discriminatory application of laws, 38, 70, 110, 158–159, 191, 198

Doe, John, 16, 127, 139, 141–144, 148–149, 150–151, 155–156, 159–161, 163–164, 184, 199, 201, 211, 212, 214

Doe v. Ashcroft
, 150, 156, 158

Doe v. Gonzales
, 140, 150

Doe v. Holder
, 150

Doe v. Mukasey
, 150

Dorsen, Norman, 207

Douglas, William O. (Justice), 72, 121, 209

Dragnets, 9–10, 18, 26, 37

“Driving While Black,” 81

Dublin, 75, 76

Due Process, 6, 18, 32, 37, 41, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 64, 65, 68, 69, 76, 82, 92, 93, 113, 190, 203, 217

Due Process Clause.
See
United States Constitution

Dulles, Allen, 33

Durbin, Richard (Senator, U.S.), 201

“Eagle Eyes,” program, 86, 90

East German Stasi, 64, 90

Eavesdropping programs, 8, 15, 19, 172

EBay, 161

ECPA.
See
Electronic Communications Privacy Act

Edmunds, Nancy (Judge), 201

EFF.
See
Electronic Frontier Foundation

“Electronic communication services,” 148

“Electronic communication transactional records,” 147, 153

Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), 132, 153

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), 147, 179–180

Electronic Privacy Information Center

(EPIC), 80

“Electronic records,” 137

Electronic surveillance, 120, 181

Ely, John Hart, 198

E-mail, 122, 138, 146, 152, 155, 160–161, 163, 165, 166, 173, 177, 178, 197

Emergency powers legislation, 51, 58, 216

Eminent Jurists Panel, 210

EPIC.
See
Electronic Privacy Information Center

Equal protection, 32, 71, 77, 82, 217

Equal Protection Clause.
See
United States Constitution

Equality, 6, 12, 18

European Union, 42, 134

Executive branch, 8, 15, 35, 47, 110, 114, 116, 120, 128, 151, 158, 162, 165–186, 189–208, 211

Executive Orders, 7, 24, 52, 54, 60, 65, 91, 136, 194

Exigent letters, 163

Expectation of privacy, 131, 159

“Expert advice or assistance,” 27, 29, 45

Extraordinary rendition, 8, 204, 205, 206, 212

FAA.
See
FISA Amendments Act

Facebook, 87, 99, 154, 161

Fair, Accurate, Secure, and Timely (FAST) Redress Act, 77

FBI, 3, 9, 10, 24, 25, 26, 34, 36, 40, 48, 55, 58, 61, 62, 68, 71, 72, 75, 76, 85, 97, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127–128, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 170, 171, 175, 181, 191, 195, 199, 213

Fear, impact on civil liberties, 31, 39, 48, 54, 61–62, 78, 100, 121, 123, 127–128, 130, 142, 152, 165, 191

manipulation for political reasons, 4–6, 11, 13, 18, 30, 65, 81, 194, 197, 203, 217, 218

of persecution, 40, 44

Federalism, 20, 212–213

Federalist Papers, 209

Fein, Bruce, 17

Feingold, Russell (Senator, U.S.), 6, 17, 124, 125

Fertig, Ralph, 44–47, 50

Fifth Amendment.
See
United States Constitution

Financial institutions, 19, 86–93, 95, 96, 122, 131–132, 153–154

“Financial records,” 132, 137, 153

Fine, Glenn (Inspector General, U.S.), 133, 162, 163, 195

First Amendment.
See
United States Constitution

First Data Corporation, 89

FISA.
See
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

FISA Amendments Act (FAA), 166, 173, 185, 196, 208

constitutionality of, 173, 176, 178–179, 184–186

FISA Court, 184, 185, 193

Five Pillars of Islam, 55

Flash cards, 3, 77

Fleet Bank, 86, 89, 102

Flying While Muslim, 77

Ford, Gerald (President, U.S.), 216

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 5, 19, 106, 109, 111–120, 122, 124, 154, 155, 162, 165–166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174–175, 176, 177, 182, 193, 196, 203, 204, 208

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA Court), 106, 109, 112–119, 122, 135, 155, 166, 171–173, 176, 184–185, 193, 203

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISA Court of Review), 117, 184–185, 193, 203

Foreign policy, 41

Forfeiture, 52, 53, 64

Foucault, Michel, 99

Fourth Amendment.
See
United States Constitution

Framers, 13, 32, 109–111, 120, 121, 132, 163, 168, 209

Franklin, Benjamin, 13, 121, 132, 144, 180, 208

Freedom of Information Act, 68, 71, 92, 128, 152, 170, 171, 185, 194, 202

Freedom of the Press.
See
United States Constitution, First Amendment

Freedom of Religion.
See
United States Constitution, First Amendment

Freedom to Read Protection Act, 124

Fusion Centers, 214

Gag orders, 16, 126, 129–130, 136–149, 151, 152, 156–159, 160, 164, 199, 200, 208

Gang of Eight, 169

Gaza, 16, 55

Gelernt, Lee, 36

Gellman, Barton, 86, 144, 152, 153, 162, 211

George, Nick, 77

German, Michael, 162

Ghafoor, Asim, 181

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (Justice), 144, 145

Global Relief Foundation, 54, 56, 59, 201

Goldsmith, Jack, 169–172, 192–193

Gonzales, Alberto (Attorney General), 129, 133, 137, 138, 161–162, 169–171

Goodman, Amy, 151

Goodman, Melissa, 177, 178, 184, 185

Google, 87, 154, 161

Gordon, Rebecca, 71

Gore, Albert (Vice President, U.S.), 67

Governmental immunity, 15, 167

Green, Michelle, 73

Greenpeace, 177

Greenwald, Glenn, 196

Guantánamo Bay, 3, 205

Habeas Corpus, 199, 200, 214

Habib, Adam, 190

Haddad, Rabih, 201–202

Hall, Janet (Judge), 141, 208

Hamas, 10, 27, 29, 48, 51, 55–56, 58–59

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, 203

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
, 53, 203

Hampshire College, 151

Harris Direct, 89

Hartford Federal Court Building, 140

Hay, Alexandra, 73

Healy, Timothy, Terrorist Screening Center, 68

Hepting, Tash, 179

Hicks, Michael (“Mikey”), 67, 74

Hijackers, 5, 12, 81, 95, 197, 199

Hirabayashi, Gordon, 216

Hitchens, Christopher, 177

Hoffman, Bruce, 81

Holder, Eric (Attorney General, U.S.), 8, 10, 182, 183, 205

Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
, 15, 45, 205

Hollander, Nancy, 177, 178, 185

Holy Land Foundation (HLF), 54–56, 58–61

Holzer, Jenny, 165

Home, 51

Hoover, J. Edgar, 111

Hospitals, 10, 49, 87, 99, 133

House banking subcommittee, 167

House Judiciary Committee, 148, 162

Huckabee, Mike (Governor), 79

Human Rights First, 212

Human Rights Watch, 48, 212

Humanitarian Law Project, 44–49, 93, 203

Humanitarianism, 4, 28, 29, 39–50, 56

Huq, Aziz, 216

Hussein, Saddam, 92, 126

Ibrahim, Rahinah, 72, 81

Idaho, 4, 9, 19, 23, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 111, 179, 212

IEEPA.
See
International Emergency Economic Powers Act

Immigration fraud, 25, 27, 30, 206

Immunity, 7, 15, 18, 167, 176, 180, 185, 214

Individualized suspicion, 110–111, 134, 152, 154, 164, 173

Inspector General reports, 68, 106, 107, 158, 175, 196, 206

Intellectual Freedom Committee for the Connecticut Library Association, 142, 143

Intelligence authorization bill of 2010, 7

Intelligence Committees, 169, 175

International Commission of Jurists, 210

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 63

International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), 51, 53, 55

International Red Cross, 49, 59

Internet Archive, 16, 147–148, 160

Internet providers, 133, 151

Internet service providers (ISPs), 16, 19, 132, 139, 148, 152–155, 159, 161, 211

“Internet subscriber information,” 137

Internment of Japanese-Americans, 11, 84, 207, 214–217

Interpal, 58

Interrogation methods, 4, 7, 26, 67, 71, 76, 78, 194, 213

Iqbal, Javaid, 206

IRA.
See
Irish Republican Army

Iran, 10, 19, 39–44, 51

Iraq, 126, 174, 179, 194

Irish Republican Army (IRA), 43

Islamic Assembly of North America, 23

Islamic charities, 24

ISPs.
See
Internet service providers

Israel, 27, 210

Jackson, Robert (Justice), 11, 110, 207

Jaffer, Jameel, 147, 177, 178, 184

Japanese-Americans, 11, 84, 207, 215

Jefferson, Thomas, 121, 215

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 208

Jeppesen Dataplan, 205, 212

Jewel v. NSA
, 179

Judicial review, 5, 111, 112, 114, 140, 155, 158–160, 203

Judiciary committees, 67, 73, 135, 148, 149, 155, 162, 170, 173, 183, 195

Jury Duty, 23