The Everlasting Empire (66 page)

Read The Everlasting Empire Online

Authors: Yuri Pines

Tags: #General, #History, #Ancient, #Political Science, #Asia, #History & Theory, #China

BOOK: The Everlasting Empire
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Li Si (

, d. 208 BCE), 21–22, 85–87, 89, 91.
See also
book burning
Liang Qichao (

, 1873–1929), 63, 191n4, 194n47

-238-

Liao (

Khitan) dynasty (907–1125), 3840, 188n41, 190nn69–71, 191n72.
See also
Khitans
Liaodong Peninsula, 20
liberalism, 181
“literary inquisition,” 89
literati, 74, 76–77, 105, 107, 130, 144, 149–150, 171, 173, 175, 195n68; and emperors, 84, 86, 93–102, 129; and the empire’s legitimacy, 102–103; and historiography, 6–7, 154; ideological autonomy of, 88–93; and local elites, 109, 114, 117–118, 121, 123; “localist turn” of, 116–117; and manageability of court life, 101; in Ming, 123, 129; and rebellions, 154–155, 157–159; in Song, 113–118; subjugation of, 88–90, 123; voluntarism of, 118.
See also
intellectuals
“literati-oriented discourse,” 98
Liu An (

, d. 122 BCE), 86, 197n26
Liu Bang (

, d. 195 BCE), Emperor Gaozu of Han (r. 206–195), 23, 108, 160
Liu Kwang-Ching (1921–2006), 127, 202n2
Liu Shaoqi (

, 1898–1969), 206
Liu Song dynasty (

, 420–479), 42
Liu Zehua (

), 2, 5,
95
, 191n1, 191n3, 192n12, 196n3
local administration, 21–26, 48, 106, 108, 112, 116; and local elites,
119
–124, 130–132.
See also
counties; governors; magistrates; prefectures; provincial assemblies
“local rank” system, 111
localism, 16–17, 25, 29–31, 77, 181.
See also
elite, local; federalism
“loose rein” (
jimi

), 36
Lord Xian of Wei (

, r.
576–559
and 546–544 BCE), 47
Lu (

), regional state (ca. 1035–256 BCE), 21
Luoyang, 26, 112
Lüshi chunqiu
(

), 44, 75, 81, 84
magistrates, county-level, 101, 114, 119124, 129, 131, 146, 150
magnates (
haojie

), 115; in Han, 108–110
Maitreya, the Buddha of the Future, 147
Manchu, 7, 25, 36, 70, 125, 162, 201n51.
See also
Qing dynasty
Mandarin (“officials’ language”), 120
Manichaeism, 147
Mao Zedong (

, 1893–1976), 124, 144, 167, 169, 172–173, 178, 198n61; and
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan
(1927), 154–155
market of talent: in the Warring States period, 16, 81, 83–86, 93, 196n19
martyrdom, 52, 97–100, 198n58
Marxism, 181, 202n3, 203n18
masses, the, 124, 139–140, 151, 175–180, 182; awakening of, 172, 177, 206n15
Masters (

) (leading thinkers), 80
Mather, Richard, 32
Maurya Empire, 2
May Fourth Movement, 1919, 172, 174, 206n14
Meadows, Thomas (1819–1869), 134–135, 140, 145, 156, 159, 161
Meng Tian (

, d. 210 BCE), 21
Mengzi (

, Mencius, ca. 380–304 BCE), 1, 104, 143, 168; and intellectuals, 8283,
95;
outlawed by Zhu Yuanzhang, 90; and the people, 138–139; on rebellion, 140; and the ruler, 48, 84; and unity, 18, 29
merchants, 6, 113, 148, 150, 154, 162
meritocracy, 50, 52, 78, 111, 134, 182
military mutinies, 27, 110, 135
military officers, 6, 8, 22, 24–28, 77, 102, 125, 148, 168–169
militia, territorial (
fubing

), 111–112, 199n17
“millenarian rebels,” 146–147, 152–153, 203–4n32, 204n33.
See also
sects
Millward, James, 190n65
ministers, 21, 45, 68, 87,
96
, 181; and the ruler, 53, 57,
65
, 94, 97, 195n58; scheming, 48, 53; Xunzi’s views of, 57, 82–83, 142.
See also
chancellor; prime minister
Ministry of Rites, 128
Ming dynasty (

, 1368–1644), 24, 36, 71–74, 89–90, 130, 133, 193n34; and elites, 123–125, 201n47; fall of, 63, 101; rebellions in, 151, 157, 160; rulerminister relations in,
65–66, 97–99
, 129, 194n54, 195n66.
See also
Hai Rui; Zhu Yuanzhang

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