The Everlasting Empire (67 page)
Read The Everlasting Empire Online
Authors: Yuri Pines
Tags: #General, #History, #Ancient, #Political Science, #Asia, #History & Theory, #China
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| minorities, 6, 11, 24, 41. See also ethnic groups, non-Chinese |
| mobility, social, 2, 79, 113, 142–143 |
| modernization, 8–9, 132, 163, 165, 168, 170–172, 176–178, 180, 182; and “multiple modernities,” 132. See also progress |
| monarch, 20, 90, 102, 198n62; authority of, 56–57, 126–127; criticized, 5, 97–99; “deactivated,” 66–68, 70–71; ineptitude of, feared, 64; and intellectuals, 83–84, 94–95, 97; power of, 45–46, 50, 62–66; as sage, 55–56 , 72–73, 85, 192n26; in Shang, 46; singularity of, 11, 30, 42, 44, 58, 74; universality of, 27, 158; in Zhou, 46–47, 187n4. See also emperor; khan; kings; monarchism; “Son of Heaven”; True Monarch |
| monarchism: as ideology, 3–5, 44, 46–50, 52, 72, 100–101, 135–136, 139–140, 191n1; modern fate of, 168–170, 182, 191n4; as political system, 2–3, 48–49, 52–53, 55–56 , 75 |
| Mongolian People’s Republic, 205n5 |
| Mongols, 24–25, 36, 38, 40–41, 70, 117, 157, 191n77, 195nn59–62. See also Great Mongol State; Yuan dynasty |
| monopolies, on salt and iron, 16, 109110 |
| Montesquieu (1689–1755), 45, 185n4, 191n4 |
| moral transformation ( jiaohua ), 121 |
| Mozi (
|
| multistate system: in the Springs-and-Autumns period, 12–14; after Tang, 28; unsustainability of, 15, 28, 32; in the Warring States period, 14–15; under Xiang Yu, 23 |
| mythology, political, 12, 17–18, 50 |
| Nanjing, 158 |
| Naquin, Susan, 151, 203–4n32, 204n43 |
| nation-state, 16, 165, 176–177, 182 |
| Neo-Confucianism, 93, 115, 118, 124, 126. See also “The Learning of the True Way”; Zhu Xi |
| “New Culture Movement” (1915-), 171172, 185n4 |
| “Nine Provinces” ( jiu zhou
|
| Ning Xi (
|
| nobility, 137. See also aristocracy; shi |
| nobles, 47, 78, 106, 126, 137, 142. See also aristocracy |
| nomads, 4, 23, 33–36, 62–63, 189n48, 189n51, 189n55; political culture of, 37–38, 41, 69–70, 190n67, 195n62; as rulers of China, 37–41, 67, 69–70, 74, 111, 161, 194–195n59, 195n62 |
| “Northern and Southern dynasties” period (318–589), 37 |
| Northern Expedition (1926–1928), 167, 205n9 |
| Northern Qi dynasty (
|
| Northern Song dynasty (
See also Song dynasty |
| Northern Wei dynasty (
See also Tuoba |
| Opium Wars (1839–1860), 162 |
| Ordos area, 34 |
| orthodoxy, 16, 49, 80, 89, 91, 93, 127, 135, 146–147, 200n42, 202n2 |
| Ottoman Empire, 2 |
| Ouyang Xiu (
|
| overpopulation, 149, 162, 204n40 |
| “partial peace” ( pian’an
|
| patriarch, authority of, 126–128. See also “Three Bonds” |
| “patriotic education” ( aiguozhuyi jiaoyu
|
| patriotism, 8, 171–172 |
| “peace of relatives” ( he qin
|
| people, 12, 87, 123; and Heaven, 137, 139; as kingmakers, 136–137; moral transformation of, 121; as object of intellectuals’ concern, 76–77, 80, 92, 97, 137138, 172; politicized by the Communists, 178; rebellions by, 134–135, 140, 148, 151, 155, 160; and rulers, 53, 57; sentiments of, 137–139, 203n11; as the source of sovereignty, 177; and unity, 18–21, 42–43. See also capital-dwellers; commoners; masses; people-oriented thought |
| “the people as the route” ( min ben
See people-oriented thought |
| people-oriented thought, 136–139, 158, 160–161, 180 |
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