The Fiery Trial (65 page)

31.
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, appendix, 1; Stampp,
And the War Came
, 54–55.

32.
McPherson,
Political History
, 52–56; David E. Kyvig,
Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995
(Lawrence, Kans., 1996), 146–49;
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 114; appendix, 41, 44, 202; Frank H. Moore, ed.,
The Rebellion Record
(11 vols.; New York, 1861–68), 1: 3–5.

33.
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 344;
Chicago Tribune
, January 17, 1861; Martin Duberman,
Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886
(Stanford, 1960), 224–43.

34.
Joseph Schafer, ed.,
Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869
(Madison, Wisc., 1928), 242; Stampp,
And the War Came
, 172–75;
New York Tribune
, March 7, 1861; Frederick W. Seward,
Seward at Washington
(2 vols.; New York, 1891), 1: 496–97, 507; Thurlow Weed to Francis Granger, January 26, 1861, Francis Granger Papers, LC.

35.
Russell Errett to Simon P. Cameron, January 23, 1861, Simon P. Cameron Papers, LC; A. B. Barrett to Lyman Trumbull, January 5, 1861; H. G. McPike to Trumbull, January 24, 1861, both in LTP; Salter,
Life of James W. Grimes
, 123–24, 133–35;
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, appendix, 127.

36.
Chicago Tribune
, February 15, 1861;
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 3, 50, 187; Sarah F. Hughes, ed.,
Letters (Supplementary) of John Murray Forbes
(3 vols.; Boston, 1905), 1: 230–31;
CG
, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 932.

37.
Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 2: 52–58; David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York, 1995), 261–67.

38.
Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 1: 692–93, 716; Potter,
Lincoln and His Party
, 141, 149–51;
CW
, 4: 211, 215, 238; William E. Barringer,
A House Dividing: Lincoln as President Elect
(Springfield, Ill., 1945), 55–56.

39.
William H. Price to Lincoln, November 9, 1860; Joseph L. Bennett to Lincoln, November 10, 1860; Henry J. Raymond to Lincoln, November 14, 1860, all in ALP;
CW
, 4: 138–42; Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
, 94–95.

40.
CW
, 4: 139, 146; Dumond,
Southern Editorials
, 273; McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 50.

41.
Perkins,
Northern Editorials
, 1: 121, 228; Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 1: 704–7; Michael Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864
(Carbondale, Ill., 1998), 351–52n.;
Illinois State Journal
in
Chicago Tribune
, January 31, 1861; McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 162–63.

42.
New York Times
, February 20, 1861; Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
, 158; McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 79–82, 94–95;
CW
, 4: 149–51; Elihu B. Washburne to Lincoln, December 9, 1860, ALP.

43.
CW
, 4: 156–58; McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 92–93.

44.
John A. Gilmer to Lincoln, December 10, 1860, ALP;
CW
, 4: 151–52, 160–61.

45.
Neill S. Brown to Lincoln, January 13, 1861, ALP; O. Ewing to Lincoln, January 24, 1861, both in Lincoln Collection, ALPLM;
CW
, 4: 172.

46.
William H. Seward to Lincoln, January 27, 1861, ALP;
CW
, 4: 183; Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 1: 749–51; McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 166.

47.
Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
, 389; David Davis to Sarah Davis, February 17, 1861, David Davis Papers, ALPLM;
CW
, 4: 191, 195, 233, 240–41.

48.
McClintock,
Lincoln and the Decision
, 181;
CW
, 4: 237; Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
, 344.

49.
CW
, 4: 240–41.

50.
Gunderson,
Old Gentlemen’s Convention
, 13, 86; Lucius E. Chittenden,
A Report of the Debates and Proceedings in the Secret Sessions of the Conference Convention
(New York, 1864), 43–46, 94–97; Kenneth M. Stampp, ed., “Letters from the Washington Peace Conference of 1861,”
JSH
, 9 (August 1943), 394–403.

51.
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 1284–85, 1403; Appendix, 87.

52.
CG
, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 2898; Hiland Hall to William H. Seward, February 23, 1861; Carl Schurz to Lincoln, April 5, 1861, both in ALP; George Boutwell,
Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs
(2 vols.; New York, 1: 274.

53.
New York Times
, March 1, 1861.
CW
, 4: 249–61, reprints Lincoln’s first draft and indicates revisions. See also Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, February 17, 1861; William H. Seward to Lincoln, February 24, 1861; First Inaugural Address, Second Printed Draft with Seward’s Suggested Changes in Red Ink, n.d., all in ALP.

54.
New York Tribune
, March 5, 1861;
CW
, 4: 262–70.

55.
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 552, 1382; Kyvig,
Explicit and Authentic Acts
, 149–50. Ratification by Illinois was not valid, as it was done by a state constitutional convention, not the legislature as Congress had specified.

56.
Liberator
, March 8, 1861; Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 2: 61.

57.
Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
, 256; William Lee Miller,
President Lincoln: The Duty of a Statesman
(New York, 2008), 10;
CG
, 33rd Congress, 1st Session, appendix, 321; 36th Congress, 1st Session, 1035; 2nd Session, 416; Kenneth M. Stampp, “Lincoln’s History,” in James M. McPherson, ed.,
“We Cannot Escape History”: Lincoln and the Last Best Hope of Earth
(Urbana, Ill., 1995), 26–27;
Independent
, March 7, 1861.

58.
CW
, 4: 247–71.

59.
Wainwright,
Philadelphia Perspective
, 381.

60.
Weekly Anglo-African
, March 16, 1861;
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 1442; Perkins,
Northern Editorials
, 2: 625–26; H. D. Faulkner to Lincoln, March 5, 1861, ALP.

61.
Chandra Manning,
What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War
(New York, 2007), 27; Herbert Mitgang, ed.,
Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait
(Chicago, 1971), 240–42; Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
(New York, 2005), 330;
Douglass’ Monthly
, 3 (April 1861), 433.

62.
Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, February 17, 1861, ALP;
Chicago Tribune
, March 15, 1861; Philip S. Paludan,
The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
(Lawrence, Kans., 1994), 61–71; Don E. Fehrenbacher, “Lincoln’s Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days,”
JALA
, 9 (1987), 11–15; David A. Nichols,
Lincoln and the Indians: Civil War Policy and Politics
(Columbia, Mo., 1978), 27–29. Still valuable on the events leading to the outbreak of war is Richard N. Current,
Lincoln and the First Shot
(Philadelphia, 1963).

63.
Earl J. Hess,
Liberty, Virtue, and Progress: Northerners and Their War for the Union
(New York, 1988), 26; Christopher Dell,
Lincoln and the War Democrats
(Rutherford, N.J., 1975), 52–59; Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, April 18, 1861; Elias B. Holmes to Lincoln, April 20, 1861, both in ALP; Wainwright,
Philadelphia Perspective
, 385.

64.
CW
, 4: 332, 353; Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 2: 154; Richard H. Sewell,
John P. Hale and the Politics of Antislavery
(Cambridge, Mass., 1965), 207; Meltzer and Holland,
Lydia Maria Child
, 381.

65.
Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, April 30, 1861; James R. Doolittle to Lincoln, April 18, 1861, both in ALP; Perkins,
Northern Editorials
, 2: 633–34, 727–30; Paul D. Escott,
“What Shall We Do with the Negro?”: Lincoln, White Racism, and Civil War America
(Charlottesville, 2009), 9;
New York Times
, May 31, 1861.

66.
Allan Nevins, ed.,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams
(New York, 1928), 246–47; Burrus M. Carnahan,
Act of Justice: Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War
(Lexington, Ky., 2007), 8–9, 14–15;
CG
, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, appendix, 83; Donald,
Charles Sumner
, 388; Stewart,
Wendell Phillips
, 219–22; Phillips,
Speeches
, 396–411;
Liberator
, April 26, 1861.

67.
David W. Blight,
Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee
(Baton Rouge, 1989), 24;
Douglass’ Monthly
, 3 (January 1861), 386–87, and (May 1861), 449–51; John R. McKivigan, “James Redpath and Black Reaction to the Haitian Emigration Bureau,”
Mid-America
, 69 (October 1987), 139–53.

68.
Weekly Anglo-African
, April 27, 1861.

69.
Michael Burlingame and John R. Ettlinger, eds.,
Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay
(Carbondale, Ill., 1997), 19;
National Anti-Slavery Standard
, July 13, 1861.

6
“I Must Have Kentucky”

1.
OR
, ser. 1, 1: 195; ser. 2, 1: 750.

2.
Harper’s Weekly
, May 4, 1861; Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland, eds.,
Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817–1880
(Amherst, Mass., 1982), 380; Michael Burlingame and John R. Ettlinger, eds.,
Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay
(Carbondale, Ill., 1997), 12; Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed.,
A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834–1871
(Philadelphia, 1967), 387; Stephen V. Ash,
When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861–1865
(Chapel Hill, 1995), 26–32;
New York Tribune
, May 14, 1861;
Springfield Weekly Republican
, April 20, 1861;
Easton Gazette
(Maryland), July 13, 1861.

3.
Howard C. Perkins, ed.,
Northern Editorials on Secession
(2 vols.; New York, 1942), 2: 834; Armstead L. Robinson,
Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861–1865
(Charlottesville, 2005), 41–43.

4.
New York Times
, September 28, 1862; John H. Bayne to Lincoln, March 17, 1862, ALP; Craig Symonds ed.,
Charleston Blockade: The Journals of John B. Marchand, U.S. Navy, 1861–1862
(Newport, R.I., 1976), 175–81, 192; Craig Symonds,
Lincoln and His Admirals
(New York, 2008), 157–59.

5.
Steven Hahn,
The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom
(Cambridge, Mass., 2009), 61–64; Ira Berlin et al., eds.,
Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867
(New York, 1982–), ser. 1, 3: 77–80; ser. 1, 1: 11–14; Robinson,
Bitter Fruits
, 184–87;
OR
, ser. 1, 51, pt. 2: 278–81; ser. 2, 1: 755–57.

6.
New York Herald
, December 4, 1861.

7.
Isaac N. Arnold,
The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery
(Chicago, 1866), 207–8; David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York, 1995), 302; Burrus M. Carnahan,
Act of Justice: Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War
(Lexington, Ky., 2007), 43–49, 61.

8.
William E. Gienapp, “Abraham Lincoln and the Border States,”
JALA
, 13 (1992), 13–25; Richard H. Abbott,
The Republican Party and the South, 1855–1877: The First Southern Strategy
(Chapel Hill, 1986), 21–22; Charles L. Wagandt,
The Mighty Revolution: Negro Emancipation in Maryland, 1862–1864
(Baltimore, 1964), 9–18; William D. Foulke,
Life of Oliver P. Morton
(2 vols.; Indianapolis, 1899), 1: 134–35.