The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (138 page)

58.
T.R., “My Life as a Naturalist.”

59.
Reverend Alfred Charles Smith,
The Attractions of the Nile and Its Banks, a Journal of Travel in Egypt and Nubia
(London: John Murray, Albemarle Sheet, 1900).

60.
Charles Darwin,
On the Origins of Species,
1st ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964), pp. 62–81. (Facsimile reprint.)

61.
Browne,
Darwin’s Origin of Species,
p. 14.

62.
T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (July 16, 1901).

63.
T.R. to Martha Bulloch Roosevelt (October 5, 1873), and
Theodore Roosevelt’s Diaries of Boyhood and Youth
(New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1928).

64.
Edward J. Larson,
Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory
(New York: Modern Library, 2004), p. 88.

65.
Ibid.

3: O
F
S
CIENCE
, F
ISH, AND
R
OBERT
B. R
OOSEVELT

1.
T.R. to Martha Bulloch Roosevelt (July 13, 1873).

2.
Paul Russell Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985), p. 70; and Edmund Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Coward, McCann, 1979), p. 75.

3.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
(New York: Macmillan, 1913), pp. 19–20.

4.
Steve Zawistowski,
Companion Animals in Society
(Clifton Park, N.Y.: Thomas Delmar Learning, 2008), p. 54.

5.
Nancy Pick,
The Rarest of the Rare: Stories behind the Treasures at the Harvard Museum of Natural History
(New York: HarperCollins, 2004), p. 17.

6.
Roosevelt Museum Minutes (December 26, 1873). Also quoted in Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
, pp. 6–81.

7.
Roosevelt Museum Minutes (April 6, 1874).

8.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,
p. 75.

9.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
, pp. 23–25.

10.
Aaron Sachs,
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism
(New York: Viking Adult, 2006).

11.
T.R., “My Life as a Naturalist,”
American Museum Journal
, Vol. 18 (May 1918).

12.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 65.

13.
Pick,
The Rarest of the Rare
, p. 8.

14.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, pp. 75–76.

15.
Jesse Merritt, “A Brief History of the Town of Oyster Bay,”
Oyster Bay Historical Society
(July 2003).

16.
John Hammond, “The Early Settlement of Oyster Bay,”
Freeholder: The Oyster Bay Historical Society
(September 2003).

17.
John Rather, “Notable ‘Firsts,’”
New York Times
(September 28, 1997).

18.
T.R. Boyhood Diaries (1874–1876), Houghton Library, Harvard University.

19.
T.R., “My Life as a Naturalist.”

20.
Roderick Frazier Nash,
Wilderness and the American Mind,
4th ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 1–3.

21.
Aldo Leopold, “The Wilderness and Its Place in Forest Recreational Policy,”
Journal of Forestry
, Vol. 19 (1921), p. 719.

22.
Patricia Nelson Limerick,
Something in the Soil
(New York: Norton, 2000), p. 277.

23.
Wilderness Act of 1964 (16 U.S.C. 1131–1136, 78 Stat. 890)—Public Law 88–577 (approved September 3, 1964), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Archives.

24.
“Roosevelt’s Boyhood Life in Adirondacks Is Recalled by Guide,”
Adirondack Enterprise
(January 28, 1930). Special thanks to Michele Tucker, Curator of the Adirondack Research Room in the Saranac Lake Free Library, Saranac Lake, N.Y.

25.
T.R., “Journal of a Trip to the Adirondacks.”

26.
T.R., “My Life as a Naturalist.”

27.
T.R., “Notes on the Fauna of the Adirondack Mountains.”

28.
Paul W. B. Joslin, “Movements and Home Sites of Timber Wolves in Algon
quin Park,”
American Zoologist
(1969), pp. 279–288.

29.
Charles Darwin,
On the Origin of Species
, 1st ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964), p. 490. (Facsimile.)

30.
Anthony DePalma, “A Rising Number of Birds at Risk,”
New York Times
(December 1, 2007).

31.
Fred J. Alsop,
Birds of North America—Eastern Region
(New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2001), pp. 545–550.

32.
Mayne Reid,
The Boy Hunters, Or Adventures in Search of a White Buffalo
(London: David Bogue, Fleet Street, 1852), pp. 8–9.

33.
Janet E. Buerger, “Ultima Thule: American Myth, Frontier, and the Artist-Priest in Early American Photography,”
American Art
, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Winter 1992), pp. 82–103.

34.
Robert M. Utley,
A Life Wild and Perilous: Mountain Men and the Paths to the Pacific
(New York: Holt, 1997), pp. 156–285.

35.
Institute for Government Research,
The U.S. Geological Survey: Its History, Activities, and Organization
(Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1919), p. 9.

36.
Clarence King, U.S. Geological Survey 1st Annual Report (1880), p. 4. Also quoted in “The Four Great Surveys of the West,”
United States Geological Survey
, C1050 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior, 2000).

37.
William H. Goetzmann,
Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West
(New York: Knopf, 1966), pp. xiii—xiv.

38.
Ibid. Also “History of Yosemite” Files, Yosemite National Park Archive, California.

39.
Lary M. Dilsaver,
America’s National Park System: The Critical Documents
(Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 1994), p. 28.

40.
Stacey Bredhoff,
American Originals
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001), p. 58.

41.
Ira N. Gabrielson,
Wildlife Refuges
(New York: Macmillan, 1943), pp. 74–81.

42.
Text of Benjamin Harrison’s Official Chugach Proclamation, Chugach National Forest. U.S. Forest Service Archives, Washington, D.C.

43.
“The National Wildlife Refuge System: Promises for a New Century” (Shepherdstown, W. Va.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Archive, 2003).

44.
Scott Weidensaul,
Return to Wild America
(New York: North Point, 2005), pp. 321–345.

45.
David McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981), pp. 20–21.

46.
Bill Bleyer, “The Forgotten Roosevelt,”
Newsday
(October 6, 1985).

47.
Ibid., p. 11.

48.
McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
, p. 22.

49.
Nathan Miller,
The Roosevelt Chronicles: A Story of a Great American Family
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979), p. 142.

50.
William S. Spragens,
Popular Images of American Presidents
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988).

51.
John A. Gable, “Robert B. Roosevelt,”
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal,
Vol. 9, No. 4 (Fall 1983), p. 13. Dr. Gable, former executive director of the Theodore Roosevelt Association (TRA) in Oyster Bay, N.Y., gave me access to two blue-bound “House of Roosevelt” volumes filled with R.B.R.’s letters and diaries. When I cite R.B.R. Papers, TRA, this is what I am referring to.

52.
Robert B. Roosevelt,
Five Acres Too Much
(New York: Harper, 1869), pp. 19–20.

53.
Horace Greeley to R.B.R. (April 5, 1871), R.B.R. Papers, TRA.

54.
“President’s Uncle, R.B. Roosevelt, Dead,”
New York Times
(June 15, 1906), p. 9.

55.
Bill Bleyer, “The Forgotten Roosevelt,”
Newsday
(October 6, 1985), p. 27.

56.
Miller,
The Roosevelt Chronicles
, p. 147.

57.
Bleyer, “The Forgotten Roosevelt,” p. 11. Also see Robert B. Roosevelt to Rutherford B. Hayes (April 4, 1880), R.B.R. Papers, TRA.

58.
M. Fortescue Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt” (unpublished, October 12, 1936). (Given to author by John A. Gable.) [n.d.] pp. 120–124.

59.
Robert B. Roosevelt, “Is the Turtle
a Fish?” Diary Entry (or Notes), R.B.R. [n.d.] Papers, TRA.

60.
Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings,” Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, New York, N.Y.

61.
Author interview, P. J. Roosevelt, New York, N.Y. (June 1995).

62.
McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
, p. 21.

63.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
, p. 12.

64.
John F. Reiger,
American Sportsmen and the Origins of Conservation
, 3rd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2001).

65.
Frank Forester,
The Warwick Woodlands
(Philadelphia, Pa.: G. B. Zieber, 1845).

66.
Henry William Herbert,
Frank Forester’s Field Sports of the United States
, Vol. 1 (New York: Stringer and Townsend, 1848), p. 12.

67.
James A. Tober,
Who Owns the Wild-life? The Political Economy of Conservation in Nineteenth Century America
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1981), pp. 48–54. Also see George Bird Grinnell, “American Game Protection: A Sketch” in George Bird Grinnell and Charles Sheldon (eds.),
Hunting and Conservation: The Book of the Boone and Crockett Club
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1925), pp. 221–224.

68.
Bigelow quoted in Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt.”

69.
Paul Schullery, “Hope for the Hook and Bullet Press,”
New York Times
(September 22, 1985), sec. 7, page 1.

70.
Charles Hallock,
Vacation Rambles in Michigan
(Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad, 1877).

71.
George Bird Grinnell and T.R.,
Trail and Camp-Fire: The Book of the Boone and Crockett Club
(New York: Forest and Stream, 1897), p. 332.

72.
Robert Barnwell Roosevelt,
Game Fish of the Northern States of America, and British Provinces
(New York: Carleton, 1862).

73.
Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt,” p. 101.

74.
Parker Gillmore to R.B.R. (1862), R.B.R. Papers, TRA.

75.
Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt,” p. 102.

76.
Robert Barnwell Roosevelt,
Game Fish of the Northern States of America and British Provinces
, p. 36.

77.
John F. Reiger,
American Sportsmen and The Origins of Conservation,
pp. 150–151.

78.
Richard P. Harmond, “Robert Barnwell Roosevelt and the Early Conservation Movement,”
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
, Vol. 14 (Summer 1988), pp. 2–11.

79.
“The Reed Draper Collection of Angling Books,” Central Michigan University Archives, Mount Pleasant.

80.
Sylvia R. Black, “Seth Green, Father of Fish Culture,”
Rochester History
Vol. 6, No. 3 (July 1944); and Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt,” pp. 102–103.

81.
“The Legacy of Seth Green” (Arlington, Va.: Trout Unlimited Archive, 2007).

82.
Ibid.

83.
Clinton E. Atkinson, “Feeding Habits of Adult Shad (Alosa sapidissima) in Fresh Water”
Ecology
, Vol. 32, No. 3 (July 1951), pp. 556–557.

84.
Seth Green,
Trout Culture
(Caledonia, N.Y.: Green and Collins, 1870).

85.
Arthur D. Welander, “Notes on the Dissemination of Shad, Alosa sapidissima, along the Pacific Coast of North America” (Wilson),
Copeia
, Vol. 1940, No. 4 (December 27, 1940), pp. 221–223.

86.
R.B.R. quoted in Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt,” pp. 104–106.

87.
Robert Barnwell Roosevelt,
Florida and the Game Water Birds of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States
(New York: Orange Judd, 1884), p. 24.

88.
Ibid., p. 12.

89.
Ibid., p. 10.

90.
Seth Green to Robert B. Roosevelt (November 10, 1884), R.B.R. Papers, TRA.

91.
Suffolk County News
(June 15, 1906).

92.
Richard Hammond and Donald H. Weinhardt, “Robert Barnwell Roosevelt on the Great South Bay,”
Long Island Forum
(August–September 1987), p. 167.

93.
Spencer F. Baird to Robert B. Roosevelt (May 16, 1874), R.B.R. Papers, TRA.

94.
Pickard, “The House of Roosevelt.”

95.
Robert B. Roosevelt, “The Roosevelt Coat-of-Arms,” R.B.R. Papers, TRA.