The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (140 page)

19.
David Starr Jordan,
Manual of the Vertebrates of the Northern United States
(Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1876).

20.
Paul Russell Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985), p. 97.

21.
Anna Roosevelt Cowles (ed.),
Letters from Theodore to Anna Roosevelt Cowles, 1870–1918
(New York: Scribner, 1924), p. 12.

22.
R. W. G. Vail, “Your Loving Friend, T.R.,”
Collier’s
(December 20, 1924).

23.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Superlative,” in
Lectures and Biographical Sketches
(Cambridge, Mass.: Edward W. Emerson, 1883), p. 139.

24.
David McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981), pp. 200–201.

25.
Nancy Pick and Mark Sloan,
The Rarest of Rare
(New York: HarperCollins, 2004), p. 16.

26.
Carleton Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative Years
(New York: Scribner, 1958), pp. 137–138.

27.
Robert Barnwell Roosevelt,
Five Acres Too Much
(New York: Harper, 1869), p. xi.

28.
Jim Reis, “Pieces of the Past,” Northern Kentucky University Archives, Vol. 2, pp. 56–59. Also see Nathaniel Shaler,
The First Book of Geology
(Boston, Mass.: Ginn, Heath, 1884).

29.
“Obituary: Nathaniel S. Shaler,”
Bulletin of the American Geographical Society,
Vol. 38, No. 5 (1906), p. 336.

30.
Donald Wilhelm,
Theodore Roosevelt as an Undergraduate
(Boston, Mass.: J. W. Luce, 1910), p. 35.

31.
“Theodore Roosevelt, Student,”
New York Times
(June 12, 1907), p. 8.

32.
T.R. quoted in Joshua David Hawley,
Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2008), pp. 35–36.

33.
McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
, pp. 213–214.

34.
T.R. to Gifford Pinchot (March 14, 1907). Library of Congress (microfilm), Series 2, Vol. 71, Real 345, p. 335.

35.
Richard Welling, “My Classmate Theodore Roosevelt,”
American Legion Monthly
(January 1929), pp. 9–11.

36.
T.R. letter quoted in Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
, p. 100. T.R.’s other ornithologist friend at Harvard was Frederic Gardiner, a graduate of the class of 1880. He later became a minister, and the love of birds became part of his sermons.

37.
Edmund Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Coward, McCann, 1979), p. 90.

38.
T.R.,
Letters from T.R. to Anna Roosevelt Cowles, 1870 to 1918
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1924), pp. 22–23. Letter to Father and Mother, April, 1879.

39.
“Review of Minot’s
The Land and

Game Birds of New England,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine
(April 1877), p. 772.

40.
T.R. journal (June 23, 1877). Also see Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,
pp. 90–91.

41.
T.R.,
Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter
(New York: Scribner, 1905), p. 339.

42.
C. Hart Merriam writing in
Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Society
(April 1878). Quoted in Paul Russell Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
(New York: Harper, 1956), p. 18.

43.
For biogaphical information on C. Hart Merriam see Keir B. Sterling,
Last of the Naturalists: The Career of C. Hart Merriam
(New York: Arno Press, 1977), and “Dr. Merriam, Hamed Natural Scientist, D.C.S,”
Washington Post
, March 21, 1942, p. 9.

44.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist,
pp. 102–103.

45.
T.R., “Small Country Neighbors,”
Scribner’s Magazine
(October 1907) Vol. XLII, No. 4.

46.
“Senator Hill’s Condition,”
New York Times
(July 28, 1882), p. 1.

47.
Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt
, pp. 147–148.

48.
T.R. Boyhood Diaries (December 25, 1877).

49.
Nathan Miller,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Life
(New York: Morrow, 1992), p. 81.

50.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
, p. 26.

51.
Roderick Nash,
Wilderness and the American Mind
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1967), pp. 88–90.

52.
T.R.,
Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter
, p. 322.

53.
McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
, p. 205.

54.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,
p. 109.

55.
“Deer and Caribou in Maine: From the
Bangor Commercial,
Jan. 20,”
New York Times
(January 29, 1888). The Bangor
Commercial
reported that Mr. H. O. Stanley, one of the fish commissioners, said that deer and caribou were so plentiful in Maine that hunting permits should be allowed.

56.
T.R., “My Debt to Maine,” in
Maine, My State
(Lewiston, Maine: Journal Printshop, 1919), p. 17. Also see “Deer and Caribou in Maine: From the
Bangor Commercial,
Jan. 20,”
New York Times
(January 29, 1888). The
Bangor Commercial
reported that Mr. H. O. Stanley, one of the fish commissioners, said that deer and caribou were so plentiful in Maine that hunting permits should be allowed.

57.
Ibid., p. 19.

58.
Ibid., p. 21.

59.
William Wingate Sewall,
Bill Sewall’s Story of Theodore Roosevelt (T.R.)
(New York: Harper, 1919), p. 5.

60.
T.R., “My Debt to Maine,” p. 19.

61.
Sewall,
Bill Sewall’s Story of Theodore Roosevelt,
p. 5.

62.
Ibid., p. 4.

63.
Charles G. Washburn,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Logic of His Career
(Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), p. 5.

64.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
, pp. 79–83. Coues had signed
Birds of the Colorado Valley
to: “Theodore Roosevelt (from the author), Jan. 1879.”

65.
Sewall,
Bill Sewall’s Story of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 6.

66.
T.R., “My Debt to Maine,” p. 20.

67.
T.R.,
Outlook
(July 27, 1912); and address at Saint Louis, Mo. (May 31, 1916),
Mem. Ed.
24, p. 483.

68.
T.R. to Martha Bulloch Roosevelt (September 14, 1879).

69.
Ibid.

70.
Thoreau,
The Maine Woods
, p. 120.

71.
Steven M. Cox and Kris Fulsaas,
Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
(Seattle, Wash.: Mountaineers, 2003), pp. 16–17. First printed 1960.

72.
Yagyu Munenori, “Martial Arts: The Book of Family Traditions” in Thomas Cleary (ed.)
Soul of the Samurai
(North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 2005), pp. 78–79.

73.
Lewis Carroll,
The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony in Eight Fits
(New York: Pantheon, 1966), p. 26. (Originally published 1876;
Alice through the Looking-Glass
was earlier, 1872.)

74.
Carleton Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 163, Also see John Watterson,
The Games Presidents Play
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p. 68.

75.
T.R., “My Debt to Maine,” p. 17.

5: M
IDWEST
T
RAMPING AND THE
C
ONQUERING OF THE
M
ATTERHORN

1.
Edmund Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Coward, McCann, 1979), p. 112.

2.
Castle Freeman, Jr., “Owen Wister: Brief Life of a Western Mythmaker, 1860–1938,”
Harvard Magazine
(July—August 2002), p. 42.

3.
Owen Wister,
Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship 1880–1919
(New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930), pp. 4–8.

4.
David McCullough,
Mornings on Horseback
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981), pp. 210–211. McCullough believes very strongly that Wister was playing Parson Weems when writing up the boxing story in his memoir.

5.
Wister,
Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship 1880–1919,
pp. 4–7.

6.
Carleton Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative Years
(New York: Scribner, 1958), p. 178.

7.
Ibid., p. 179.

8.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 122.

9.
Kay Redfield Jamison,
Exuberance: The Passion for Life
(New York: Random House, 2004), pp. 8–21.

10.
Ibid., pp. 131–132.

11.
Winthrop Chandler,
Roman Springs: Memoirs
(Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1934), p. 195.

12.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
(New York, Macmillan, 1913), p. 7.

13.
Putnam,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative Years,
p. 134.

14.
“Theodore Roosevelt, Student,”
New York Times
(June 12, 1907), p. 8.

15.
T.R. College Diary (May 5, 1880).

16.
Louis Hawes, “A Sketchbook by Thomas Cole,”
Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University
, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1956), pp. 2–23. The diaries of Thomas Cole have been underappreciated by environmental historians. Take, for example, his eloquent entry about the significance of trees in his life: “Treading the mosses of the forest, my attention has often been attracted by the appearance of action and expression in trees. I have been led to reflect upon the fine effects they produce, and to look into the causes. They spring from some resemblance to man…. Exposed to adversity and agitations, they battle for existence or supremacy. On the mountain, exposed to the blasts, trees grasp the crags with their gnarled roots, and struggle with the elements with wild contortions.” In Rev. Louis L. Noble,
The Life and Works of Thomas Cole
(New York: Cornish, Lamport, 1853), pp. 125–126.

17.
T.R. to Corinne Roosevelt (July 24, 1880).

18.
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ed.),
Hunting Big Game in the Eighties: The Letters of Elliott Roosevelt
(New York: Scribner, 1933), pp. ix–x.

19.
Eleanor Roosevelt,
The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt
(New York: Da Capo, 1992), p. 5.

20.
Elliott Roosevelt to Theodore Roosevelt Senior (February 20, 1876) in Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ed.),
Hunting Big Game in the Eighties
, p. 20.

21.
Kathleen Dalton,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life
(New York: Knopf, 2002), pp. 58–61.

22.
Francis Parkman,
Oregon Trail
(New York: Charles E. Merrill, 1910). Originally published in 1849 as
The California and Oregon Trail
, though Parkman had never visited California. Later he denounced that title as a “publisher’s trick” designed to increase sales.

23.
T.R. quoted in
Independent
(November 24, 1892),
Mem. Ed.
14, p. 286.

24.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (August 17, 1880).

25.
William Cronon,
Nature’s Metropolis Chicago and the Great West
(New York: Norton, 1991), p. 19.

26.
Washington Irving,
A Tour on the Prairies
(Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1956). Originally published as part of
The Crayon Miscellany
, 3 vols. (Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey, Lea, and Blanchard, 1835).

27.
T.R. to Anna Roosevelt (August 22, 1880).

28.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (August 19, 1880).

29.
T.R.,
The Wilderness Hunter
(New York and London: Putnam, 1893), p. 450.

30.
T.R. to Anna Roosevelt (August 22, 1880).

31.
T.R. to Martha Bulloch Roosevelt (August 25, 1880).

32.
Ibid.

33.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (August 24, 1880).

34.
T.R. to Corinne Roosevelt (September 12, 1880).

35.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (August 27, 1880).

36.
Vachel Lindsay, “Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight,” in
The Congo and Other Poems
(New York: Macmillan, 1914).

37.
History of Western Iowa: Its Settlement and Growth
(Sioux City, Iowa: Western, 1882), p. 505.

38.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (September 5, 1880).

39.
History of Western Iowa
, p. 534.

40.
T.R., “Midwest Tramp Diary” (September 8, 1880).

41.
Emily Dickinson, “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” (number 986, “The Snake”),
Springfield Republican
(February 14, 1866).