Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know (32 page)

   human rights and,
95
,
184

   Indian relations with,
2
,
4
,
120
,
123
,
159
,
160

   Kuomintang and,
21
,
43
,
44
,
45
–47,
54

   private sector expansion in,
76

   strategic interests of,
159
–160,
161

   
Tiananmen Square uprising in,
50
,
80
,
81

   trade and,
23
,
27
,
28
,
121
,
124
,
159

   U.S. Burma/Myanmar policy and,
116
–117,
119
,
122

Chinese ethnic minority,
xxiv
,
3
–4,
44
,
159

   as associate citizens,
73

   economic ascendance of,
33
,
34
,
155

   entrepreneurial success of,
52
,
101

   legal/illegal numbers of,
121

   opium use and,
46

   riots against,
50

Chinese Nationalists.
See
Kuomintang

Chin Special Division,
53
,
57

Chin State,
165

Chou En-lai,
49

Christians,
57
,
59
,
70
,
106
–107,
109
,
138

   as missionary converts,
34
–35,
38

   state discrimination against,
156

Chun Doo Hwan,
80
,
131

Churchill, Winston,
41
,
158

citizenship,
72
–73,
108
,
169

city names,
xxi
,
10

civilian government (1948–1956, 1960–1962),
24
,
40
–61,
74
,
181
,
182

   assessment of,
60
–61

   Aung San and,
42

   Burma army growth during,
54

   Caretaker Government and,
46
,
47
,
50
,
54
–56,
74

   Cold War neutrality of,
48
,
50

   coup ending,
40
,
42
,
56
,
58
,
59
–60,
62
–64

   economic development and,
51
–52

   elections of 1960 and,
58
–59

   ethnic minorities under,
53
,
56
–58,
61

   medical high standards and,
97

   personalized power and,
150
,
155

   rebellions and,
43
–44,
61

   socialism and,
50
–51

civilians, second-class status of,
7
,
169

civil service.
See
bureaucracy

civil society,
7
,
66
,
126
–128

   forces against,
153
,
162

Clausewitz, Carl von,
81

Clean AFPFL,
54

clientelism.
See
entourage system

Clinton, Hillary,
120

Cobra Gold (U.S.-Thai military exercises),
5

Cold War,
47
–48,
56

   Burmese neutrality and,
48
,
50
,
67

Colombo Plan,
45
,
48

colonial era.
See
British colonial era

Command and General Staff College,
84

communism,
34
,
43
–45,
47
–48,
49
–50,
77
,
124

   Burmese dual parties and,
43
,
45
,
51
,
54

   insurrections and,
47
,
54
,
113
See also
Burma Communist Party

community-based organizations,
126
,
174

community colleges,
68

Conference on Regional Cooperation and Development,
95

conglomerates,
55
–56,
102
,
125
,
163

Congressional Gold Medal (U.S.),
119

constitutional convention,
118
,
142
–143

constitutional coup.
See
coup of 1958

constitution of 1947,
40
,
44
–45,
52
–53,
57
,
58
,
60
,
69
,
145

constitution of 1974,
67
,
68
–71

constitution of 2008,
76
,
92
,
106
,
112
,
113
,
118
,
131
,
172

   antinarcotics trafficking provision of,
176

   ethnic minorities’ status and,
145
,
164
,
165

   
foreign bases and,
160

   military’s sources of power and,
162

   overview of,
142
–147

   political future and,
148
–149

   referendum on,
44
,
140
,
143
–144

   rights and,
129
–130,
145
,
147

   text of preamble of,
144

consumer goods,
68
,
76
,
77

copper,
6
,
31

corporations,
55
–56

corruption,
13
,
94
,
97
–98,
131
,
154

   civilian government and,
61
,
62

   entourage system and,
154
,
155

   military and,
102

   pervasiveness of,
100

   university system and,
96

corvée
labor,
99

cost of living,
67

coup of 1958,
54
–55,
56
,
74
,
80
,
82
.
See also
Caretaker Government

coup of 1962,
40
,
42
,
47
,
51
,
55
,
57
,
80
,
136

   aftermath of,
56
,
62
–64,
73
,
77
,
82
,
123

   causes/goals of,
58
,
59
–60,
62

coup of 1988,
42
,
44
,
50
,
55
,
62
,
63
,
79
–80

   aftermath of,
81
,
85
–87,
128

   background of,
79

   casualties from,
79
–80

   Indian reaction to,
122
–123

   Myanmar name change and,
10

   SLORC as result of,
81

   U.S. sanctions and,
100

credit,
30
,
169
–170

cultural heritage,
6
,
11
–12

cultural imperialism,
156

Cultural Revolution (China),
50

currency

   demonetization and,
76
–77,
145
–146

   exchange rate and,
14
,
52
,
165
,
168
,
171

   monetary policy and,
167
–168

   types of,
xxiii

Cyclone Nargis (2008),
3
,
11
,
79
,
127
,
133
,
166
,
170
,
174
,
176

   casualties from,
2

   constitutional referendum date and,
143

   denial of foreign relief aid and,
118
–119,
140
–141,
143

   internal/external effects of,
13
,
97
–98,
139
–142

dams.
See
hydroelectric power

Dante Alighieri,
158

Danu (ethnic group),
145
,
165

debt, internal,
11
,
30
,
67
.
See also
credit

Defense Services Academy,
83
–84

Defense Services Academy of Medicine,
84
,
97

Defense Services Institute,
55
–56

Defense Services Museum,
15

Defense Services Officer Training School,
84

deforestation,
86
,
170

democracy,
12
,
13
,
40
,
52
–53,
125

   Aung San Suu Kyi as icon of,
2
,
88
,
89
–90,
95
,
109
,
115
,
184

   Burma/Myanmar’s low ranking as,
167

   Burma/Myanmar’s potential for,
172
–174

   Indian policy and,
122
–123

   SPDC staged efforts toward,
129
–131,
143
,
146
–147,
180
,
184
,
185
,
188

Democracy Index,
167

democratic socialism,
51

demonetization,
76
–77,
145
–146

demonstrations.
See
people’s failed revolution

   rebellions

   Saffron Revolution

   student demonstrations

Deng Xiao Ping,
49
–50

Denmark,
177

Depayin incident (2003),
115

Detachment
101
,
36

Dhaka,
22
,
28

dharma (Buddhist doctrine),
50

Dharma in Danger
(government publication),
50

diaspora.
See
expatriates

Diego Garcia,
4

disease,
2
,
3
,
27
,
97
,
177

dissidents.
See
political opposition