Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453 (51 page)

Caesar, Julius
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Cafer Bey
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Cairo
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Caligaria Gate
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Camariotes, Mathew
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Campi, Jacopo de
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Candia, Crete
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cannon
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manufacture
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Murat breaches the Hexamilion with long cannon
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bronze vs. forged iron
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Ottomans able to cast medium-sized barrels on the battlefield
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repair of
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barrels tailor-made to available ammunition
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Orban’s guns
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firing
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transporting
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Therapia attack
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Orban’s supergun (the Basilica)
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number of
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preparing
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effect of cannon fire
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of the defenders
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drawbacks
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firing strategy
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used by defenders as huge shotguns
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light
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creation of cannon with looping trajectory
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statistics of bombardment
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first attack
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in the modern city
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cannonneers
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Cantacuzenos, Demetrios
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carracks
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Catalan consul
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Catalans
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catapults
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Catholic Church

start of the Great Schism
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compared with the Orthodox
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rift over the Nicene Creed
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and potential unity with the Orthodox
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Council of Florence (1438 )
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cavalry (Ottoman)
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household
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given their battle orders
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heavy
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light
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Central Asia
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Chalcocondylas
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Champagne, Marshal of
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charcoal
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Charles VII, King of France
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chavushes
(Mehmet’s military police)
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Chelebi, Evliya
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Chios
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Chora Monastery
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Chosroes, King of Persia
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Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway
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Christianity

struggle with Islam for the true faith
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Christians protected by Islam as ‘People of the

Book’
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schismatic Christian sects
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symbol of Islamic triumph over Christianity
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see also
crusades

Chroniates, Nicetas
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Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
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Circus Gate (Wooden Gate), Constantinople
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Clermont sermon (1095)
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Coco, Giacomo
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Columbus, Christopher
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Commynes, Philippe de
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Constantine the Great, column of, Constantinople
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Constantine the Great, Emperor
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vision of a cross before the Milvian Bridge battle
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chooses Constantinople for his new Christian

capital (AD 324)
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construction of the city
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doctrinal disputes
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Constantine XI, Emperor

birth (1405)
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background
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ceremonial title
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unenviable inheritance
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appearance
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personality
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breaching of the Hexamilion (1446)
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accession (1449)
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as Despot of Morea
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vows of vassalage to the Sultan
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attempts to forge a dynastic marriage
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sends envoys to Italy (1451)
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during the building of Rumeli Hisari
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supports union of the two churches
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lack of coronation at St Sophia
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prepares for the city’s defence (winter of 1452 )
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council of war with Giustiniani
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tries to maintain the city’s morale
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deeply alarmed by attack
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peace proposal
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strained by the attritional fighting
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and search for signs of a rescue fleet
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forces Ottoman cavalry back
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and mining threat
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advised to leave the city, and collapses
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Mehmet’s offer
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orders unblocking of Circus Gate
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prepares for a supreme effort
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told of Giustiniani’s wounding
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rallies the people to work together
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pre-battle speech
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headquarters in central section
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service in St Sophia
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defence of the city
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death of
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unknown fate
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Constantinople

chosen as Constantine’s new Christian capital (324)
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capital of the Byzantine Empire
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the front line in the Christianity vs. Islam struggle
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origin of the holy war
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splendour of
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bronze horses removed to Venice
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relics of Christendom
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