Heretic Queen (53 page)

Tutbury Castle

Twelfth Night
(Shakespeare)

Tyler, Wat

Tyndale, William

Tyrrell, Anthony

Udall, John

Ulster

“Vale of Tears” (Southwell)

Valladolid

Vandenesse, Jean
n

van Loo, Albert

Vargas, Francisco de

Vaughan, Stephen

Vautrollier, Thomas

Vaux, Anne

Vaux, William, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden

Venus and Adonis
(Shakespeare)

Verstegan, Richard

Vervins, Treaty of

Vesalius, Andreas

Vestments Controversy

Viglius

Waad, Armagil

Waldegrave, Robert

Walsingham, Francis

ambassador at French court

death of

Dutch Revolt

espionage and intelligence gathering

Grindal and

marriage treaties

Mary's trial and

military alliance with France

plots against Elizabeth

Protestant League and

Ridolfi and

St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

threat of recusancy

Walsingham, Thomas

Ward, Margaret

Warwick, Robert Dudley, 3rd Earl of

Welsh, James

Wentworth, Paul

Wentworth, Peter

Westminster Abbey

Weston, William

White, John

Whitgift, John

Wilcox, Thomas

William and Mary

William of Orange (William I, Prince of Orange)

Alba's offensive
n

armed resistance

assassination of

Francis of Anjou and Elizabeth

marriage to Anna

opposition to Philip II

religious outlook

Williams, Walter

Wilson, Thomas

Winter, William

Wolf, John

womanhood

Wotton, Edward

Wotton, Henry

Wriothesley, Henry

Wroth, Thomas

Wyatt, Thomas

Wyatt Rebellion

xenophobia

Yelverton, Edward

Young, Richard

Zúñiga, Baltasar de

Zúñiga y Requesens, Juan de

Zúñiga y Requesens, Luis de

William Cecil, First Lord Burghley, painted around 1585. He was the longest serving and most trusted adviser to Queen Elizabeth.

Robert Cecil, the younger son of William Cecil, was his father's chosen heir. Constantly at loggerheads with the Queen's later favorites, Raleigh and Essex, he forged the succession of James VI of Scotland to Elizabeth's throne.

Sir Francis Walsingham came to the fore as Elizabeth's Principal Secretary, having honed his skills on the Continent as an emissary and ambassador in the 1560s. His network of informants became crucial in the unmasking of Fifth Columnists in the “wars of religion.”

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was Elizabeth's trusted friend and greatest love. When she died, a letter from Leicester was found at her bedside, marked “his last letter.”

Catherine de Medici was the single greatest influence in France during the reigns of her three sons Francis (François) II, Charles IX, and Henry (Henri) III.

Mary, Queen of Scots, queen of Scotland since the age of one week, grew up in the French Court, destined to marry the sickly Francis II. Upon his death, she determined that she would return to Scotland and vie for Elizabeth's throne.

The Duke of Alba (pictured at the right) instituted a Spanish-style Inquisition in the Netherlands known as the “Council of Troubles” to the Spaniards and the “Council of Blood” to the Netherlanders.

Philip II of Spain, once Queen Mary I's king consort, never ceased to try to return England to the Roman Catholic faith by whatever means were expedient until his death in 1598. He was often called “holier than the Pope” in his desire to save Catholicism from the Protestant threat.

Margaret, Duchess of Parma, Philip II's half-sister, was launched into the troubled Netherlands as its governor on behalf Philip II. She was respected, but, in the end, ineffectual in stopping the bloodshed.

Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and son of Margaret, eventually became governor of the Netherlands himself, and ruled more fairly than the Duke of Alba, but by then the Eighty Years' War with Spain was already in its second decade.