Heretic Queen (54 page)

Hercule-François de France, Duke of Alençon, the youngest of Catherine de Medici's sons was betrothed to Queen Elizabeth I and led an army on behalf of England into the Netherlands to help liberate them from Spanish oppression.

King Henry (Henri) III of France had also been engaged to Elizabeth I when he was the Duke of Alençon. Known for a degenerate court that wavered on religious matters, he would be assassinated nine months after he had ordered the murder of Henry (Henri) de Guise.

Henry (Henri) I (1549–88) de Lorraine, also known as Henry (Henri) de Guise, was related to Mary Queen of Scots and the leader of the powerful Guise family who stood in frequent opposition to the French Crown.

Gaspard II de Chatillon, also known as Admiral Coligny, was the leader of the Huguenot opposition. His murder unleashed the bloodbath on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572.

Edmund Campion, the eloquent Jesuit divine, had once been a champion of the Elizabethan settlement and a protégé of the earl of Leicester.

Robert Persons was the administrative leader of the Campion Jesuit mission to England, escaping back to Rome then Spain. He is one of the suspected authors of the virulent attack on the Earl of Leicester in Leicester's Commonwealth.

Henry Garnett headed up the Jesuit mission to England after Robert Persons and Edmund Campion, staying in hiding for several years.

Robert Southwell was the Puritan divine gentleman whose gift for prose was admired by all.

Edward Dering was the Puritan divine who dared to compare Elizabeth's Church to a decaying state to her during her private devotions.

Thomas Cartwright was the Puritan divine who was deprived of his status by William Cecil. Cartwright eventually went into exile, writing scathing pamphlets and tracts against the Elizabethan Settlement.

John Rogers was the prebendary of St. Paul's in London and the first Protestant martyr burnt at the stake by Queen Mary I, Elizabeth's half-sister.

This is the gruesome image of the execution of Edmund Campion, Alexander Briant, and Ralph Sherwin that was sold to the general public to commemorate the event.

Edmund Grindal was the moderate Archbishop of Canterbury who refused to allow the Elizabethan Settlement to overshadow his view of the Anglican Church.