Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre (158 page)

28
.  Apt,
Louis-Phillipe de Ségur
, 91; Lajer-Burcharth,
Necklines
, 259.

29
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 139; Tulard,
Histoire et dictionnaire
, 1111.

30
.  
Journal de Perlet
14, no. 857, 18 Pluviose (7 Feb. 1795), 479.

31
.  Ibid., 474–80.

32
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 159.

33
.  Lalouette,
Séparation des églises
, 47–50.

34
.  
Journal de Perlet
, no. 33 (30 Nov. 1795, Year III), 262.

35
.  Woronoff,
Thermidorean Regime
, 15–16; W. Scott,
Terror and Repression
, 333; Slavin,
French Revolution
, 367–68; Peyrard,
Jacobins de l’Ouest
, 293–94.

36
.  
Journal de Perlet
7 (22 Dec. 1796), 413; Gershoy,
Betrand Barère
, 285, 292.

37
.  Woronoff,
Thermidorean Regime
, 16; Crook,
Toulon
, 167.

38
.  Jullien,
L’Orateur plébéien
1 (21 Brumaire Year IV), 3, 5; Fuoc,
La réaction thermidorienne
, 95–131.

39
.  Cobb,
The French
, 191–93; Doyle,
Oxford History
, 291–92, 327.

40
.  Crook,
Toulon
, 166–67; Scott,
Terror and Repression
, 333.

41
.  Conac, “La Convention thermidorienne,” 221–22; Nicolle, “Lanjuinais,” 94–95.

42
.  Woronoff,
Thermidorean Regime
, 17–19; Slavin,
French Revolution
, 369.

43
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 108; Baczko,
Ending the Terror
, 236–40; Lebozec, “Les idées politiques,” 150.

44
.  Lebozec, “Les idées politiques,” 148–49.

45
.  Slavin,
French Revolution
, 376–77; Serna,
Antonelle
, 254–55.

46
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 202–3; Gross,
Fair Shares
, 25, 163.

47
.  Conac, “La Convention thermidorienne,” 224.

48
.  Woronoff,
Thermidorean Regime
, 29; Guachet,
Révolution des pouvoirs
, 159–71.

49
.  Luchaire, “Boissy d’Anglas,” 45; Nicolle, “Lanjuinais,” 109; Lebozec, “Boissy d’Anglas,” 85.

50
.  Gainot, “Pierre Guyomar,” 264–66; Conac, “La Convention thermidorienne,” 227–30.

51
.  Luchaire, “Boissy d’Anglas,” 44–46; Conac, “La Convention thermidorienne,” 223–30.

52
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 58:602 (15 Feb. 1793); Tulard,
Histoire et dictionnaire
, 696.

53
.  Tulard,
Histoire et dictionnaire
, 702; Jainchill,
Reimagining Politics
, 18–19.

54
.  Baczko,
Politiques
, 237; Jainchill,
Reimagining Politics
, 40; Lebozec, “Boissy d’Anglas,” 89.

55
.  Tulard,
Histoire et dictionnaire
, 696–97.

56
.  Gauchet,
Revolution des droits
, 206.

57
.  Staël,
Considerations
, 386.

58
.  Babeuf,
Tribun du peuple,
no. 43, 299.

59
.  Maréchal,
Manifeste des égaux
, 89; Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 1:56–58.

60
.  Tulard,
Histoire et dictionnaire
, 722; Andries, “Les imprimeurs-libraires parisiens,” 256; Woloch,
Jacobin Legacy
, 396–97.

61
.  Bellanger,
Histoire générale
, 1:521; Walton,
Policing Public Opinion
, 228.

62
.  De Baecque, “Pamphlets,” 166.

63
.  Dwyer,
Napoleon
, 157.

64
.  Woloch,
Jacobin Legacy
, 150–54.

65
.  Hermon-Belot,
L’Abbé Grégoire
, 361–66; Baczko, “Tournant culturel,” 22–23.

66
.  Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 1:24, 1:37–45.

67
.  Staum, “Individual Rights,” 411–12.

68
.  Baczko, “Tournant culturel,” 17.

69
.  Schandeler and Crepel, “Introduction génerale,” 1, 9–10, 24, 45; E. Kennedy, “Aux origins,” 13–14.

70
.  Condorcet,
Tableau historique
, 46–47; Whatmore,
Republicanism
, 111.

71
.  Baczko, “Tournant culturel,” 33.

72
.  Livesey,
Making Democracy
, 172–73.

73
.  Gaulmier,
Un grand témoin
, 165–66; Staum,
Cabanis
, 129, 164–65.

74
.  Dauteribes, “Daunou,” 118, 128–33; Jainchill,
Reimagining Politics
, 76–77.

75
.  Gaulmier,
Un grand témoin
, 168–69; Staum, “Individual Rights,” 413–17; Chappey, “Les Écoles,” 337.

76
.  Staum,
Minerva’s Message
, 13; Wokler,
Rousseau
, 194; Whatmore,
Republicanism
, 111–12.

77
.  Dauteribes, “Daunou et le modèle,” 117, 132–33; Jennings,
Revolution
, 310, 325.

78
.  Whatmore,
Republicanism
, 122; Schoorl,
Jean-Baptiste Say
, 18.

79
.  Ibid.

80
.  Welch,
Liberty and Utility
, 5, 10–11, 27–29; Staum,
Minerva’s Message
, 46–47.

81
.  
La Décade philosophique
, no. 30, Year V, (4th trimestre), 18 July 1797, 129–33.

82
.  Gaulmier,
Un grand témoin
, 207–12.

83
.  Gainot, “Pierre Guyomar,” 263; Staum, “Individual Rights,” 418; Schoorl,
Jean-Baptiste Say
, 19–20.

84
.  Staum,
Cabanis
, 142–44, 205.

85
.  Ibid., 215.

86
.  Condorcet,
Tableau historique
, 374–75.

87
.  Goetz, “Destutt de Tracy,” 70–71; Whatmore,
Republicanism
, 128.

88
.  Baczko,
Politiques
, 239–40.

89
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 23.

90
.  Baczko,
Politiques
, 279–82, 287–89; Slavin,
French Revolution
, 387–89.

91
.  Palmer,
From Jacobin to Liberal
, 71; Baczko,
Politiques
, 293–96.

92
.  Baczko,
Politiques
, 296.

93
.  Ibid., 308–9; Woronoff,
Thermidorian Regime
, 31–33; Serna,
Antonelle
, 261; Mastroberti,
Pierre Joseph Briot
, 40.

94
.  Baczko,
Politiques
, 312–15.

95
.  Babeuf,
Defense
, 24; Jullien,
L’Orateur plébéien
2 (1 Frimaire, Year IV), 5.

96
.  Babeuf,
Defense
, 46.

97
.  
Journal de Perlet
, Year IV, no. 46 (13 Dec. 1795), 361.

98
.  Beyssi, “Parti Jacobin,” 31.

99
.  H. G. Brown, “Search for Stability,” 23.

100
.  Palmer,
From Jacobin to Liberal
, 73; Woloch,
Jacobin Legacy
, 163–65.

101
.  Vovelle,
Révolution française
, 77.

102
.  Staël,
Considerations
, 379–80; Baczko,
Politiques
, 389, 391; Craiutu,
Virtue for Courageous Minds
, 175–78; Lajer-Burchardt,
Necklines
, 257, 275.

103
.  Palmer,
From Jacobin to Liberal
, 71; Serna,
Antonelle
, 300–301.

104
.  Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 1:101–2.

105
.  
Journal de Perlet
, Year VII, no. 406 (22 Dec. 1796), 412; Staël,
Considerations
, 384, 398; J. A. Scott, “François Noël Babeuf,” 7.

106
.  Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 1:107.

107
.  Dommanget,
Babeuf
, 30; Scott, “François Noël Babeuf,” 7; Rose,
Gracchus Babeuf
, 226–27.

108
.  Bellanger,
Histoire générale
, 1:523.

109
.  Rose,
Gracchus Babeuf
, 215–16; Mason, “Never Was a Plot So Holy,” 179–81.

110
.  D’Holbach,
Système social
, 75–78; Jullien,
L’Orateur plébéien
12 (23 Frimaire, Year IV), 3–4.

111
.  Jullien,
L’Orateur plébéien
4 (5 Frimaire, Year IV), 4; Palmer,
From Jacobin to Liberal
, 72–75; Serna,
Antonelle
, 263–64.

112
.  
Journal des hommes libres
, no. 5 (20 Vendémiaire, Year V), 20 and no. 7 (22 Vendémiaire, Year V), 27.

113
.  Ibid., 19.

114
.  Ibid., no. 59 (14 Frimaire, Year V), 235.

CHAPTER 23

The “General Revolution” (1795–1800): Holland, Italy, and the Levant

1
.  Altena,
Gerrit Paape
, 360–71.

2
.  Rosendaal,
Nederlandse Revolutie,
92–93; Altena,
Gerrit Paape
, 347–64.

3
.  Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 885.

4
.  Ibid., 890.

5
.  Rosendaal,
Bataven!
, 446.

6
.  Schama,
Patriots and Liberators
, 179–212; Jourdaan, “Politieke en culturele transfers,” 561–64.

7
.  Rosendaal,
Bataven!
, 3.

8
.  Te Brake,
Regents and Rebels
, 170.

9
.  Rosendaal,
Bataven!
, 99

10
.  Wells,
Insurrection
, 69, 110.

11
.  
Décade philosophique
, no. 33, Year V (4th Trimestre), 17 Aug. 1797, 373.

12
.  Cremona,
Catalogo
, 62–63, 274, 325–26.

13
.  Johns,
Antonio Canova
, 47.

14
.  Gioia,
Dissertazione
, 195.

15
.  Ibid., 28–29.

16
.  Ibid., preface, 3 and 156–61; Capra,
I progressi
, 571–72.

17
.  Gioia,
Dissertazione
, 162.

18
.  Ibid., 37–39.

19
.  Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 46, 271, 274, 278, 350, 363.

20
.  Pancaldi,
Volta
, 8, 160, 175; Ferrone,
Società giusta
, 219; Symcox, “Of Princes, Poets,” 515–16, 534–35.

21
.  Gioia,
Dissertazione
, preface, 4 and 195; Capra,
I progressi
, 588–92.

22
.  
Journal des hommes libres
, no. 5 (20 Vendémiaire, Year V), 17.

23
.  Ghibaudi,
La fortuna
, 230; Capra,
I progressi
, 590.

24
.  
Journal des hommes libres
, no. 11 (26 Vendémiare, Year V), 41.

25
.  Johns,
Antonio Canova
, 46–47, 56.

26
.  
La Décade philosophique
, no. 29, Year V (4th Trimestre), 118.

27
.  Ibid., 119–20.

28
.  Da Passsano, “Dalla democrazia,” 288–91.

29
.  Ibid., 289.

30
.  Venturi,
Illuministi italiani
3 (Milan-Naples, 1958), 220.