Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect (57 page)

right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC),
208
–
16
,
221
,
233
–
34
,
301
.
See also
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Rilling, James,
85
–
86

Rizzolatti, Giacomo,
132
–
33
,
135
,
136
,
140
,
141

Rock, David,
271

rock-paper-scissors,
104
–
5

rostral anterior cingulate cortex,
60

rostral inferior parietal lobule,
169

Rubin’s Illusion,
22

rVLPFC,
208
–
16
,
221
,
233
–
34
,
301
.
See also
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Sally-Anne task,
110
–
11
,
162
–
63
,
165
,
213

SA (septal area),
75
,
94
,
157
–
61
,
237

SAT scores,
206
,
207
,
225

SCARF model,
259
–
63

Seinfeld, Jerry,
39

self-awareness and self-reflection,
8
–
9
,
12
,
182
–
86
,
188
–
89
,
231
,
237
,
301
.
See also
harmonizing; identity

chimpanzee mirror study,
182
–
83

neural bases,
183
,
185
,
186
–
89
,
193
–
94
,
301

reflected vs.
direct appraisals,
192
–
94

social aspects,
12
,
189
–
92
,
198
,
200
,
267

the Trojan horse self,
189
–
92
,
195
–
98
,
227
,
235
–
36
,
301
–
2

self-control,
203
–
8
,
237
–
38
,
241
,
296

affect labeling,
219
–
21

marshmallow test,
204
–
6
,
209
–
10

motor vs.
cognitive,
209
–
13
,
296
–
97

neural mechanisms,
208
–
16
,
218
–
19
,
221
,
227
,
233
–
34
,
237

panoptic self-control,
227
–
32
,
236

perspective framing,
213
–
16

Popsicle test,
203
–
4

social benefits,
221
–
27
,
232
,
236
,
301
–
2

social compliance,
230
–
35

suppression and reappraisal,
216
–
19
,
220
,
296
–
97

training for,
295
–
97

self-interest,
83
,
91
,
96
–
98
,
202
,
266

altruism and,
86
–
90
,
96
–
98

cooperation and,
81
–
86

information sharing and,
124

self-restraint,
221
,
226
.
See also
self-control

Semendeferi, Katarina,
188

Semmann, D.,
81

separation,
47
–
50
,
52
,
54
–
56
,
68
,
300
.
See also
parental caregiving

septal area,
75
,
94
,
157
–
61
,
237

sex,
88
–
89

Shulman, Gordon,
15
–
17

Silvers, Jen,
295

Simulation theory,
138
,
143

Singer, Tania,
154
–
55
,
156

A Single Man
(Isherwood),
223

Smith, Adam,
91

social capital,
247
,
262
–
63

social connection,
5
,
11
,
178
,
237
,
250
–
56
,
300

as basic need,
42
–
43
,
45
,
99
–
100

fairness and,
74
–
75

friendships,
24
–
25
,
247
,
248
,
255

health and,
99

mindreading and,
125
–
26
,
300
–
301

recent declines in,
246
–
47
,
248
–
50

in schools,
276
–
77
,
279
–
81

snacking and surrogates,
254
–
56

status and,
33
–
35
,
260

in the workplace,
259
,
261
–
62
,
273
–
74

social encoding,
284
–
85
,
288
–
89

social feedback,
75
–
79

social groups,
31
–
35

social influence,
6
–
7
,
8
–
9
,
12
,
195
.
See also
harmonizing

social learning,
31
,
134
,
136
,
237
,
275
–
98

adolescence and,
276
–
77

history and English,
285
–
88

learning and social encoding,
283
–
85

learning for teaching,
289
–
90

math and science,
288
–
89

peer tutoring,
290
–
92

social brain training,
292
–
97

social environment of schools,
277
–
81

social media,
25
,
123
–
24
,
248
,
255
–
56

social motivation,
80
,
99
–
100
,
178
,
281
,
300

altruism and,
87
–
92
,
98

for caregiving,
92
–
95

empathic motivation,
152
,
153
,
155
–
57
,
161

the SCARF model,
259
–
63

in the workplace,
258
–
68

social needs,
42
–
43
,
45
,
76
,
99
–
100
,
299

social pain,
3
–
4
,
5
,
39
–
41
,
44
–
45
,
68
–
70
,
99
,
299
–
300

academic performance and,
278
–
79

evidence for,
45
–
50
,
68
,
70

medications and,
64
–
66

mentalizing and,
111
–
12

neural bases,
50
–
56
,
58
–
59

separation as,
47
–
50
,
52
,
54
–
56
,
68
,
300

social pleasure/rewards,
79
–
80
,
95
–
98
,
280
,
300
–
301
.
See also
altruism

approval,
76
–
79
,
80
,
92
,
237
,
264

caregiving and,
300

fair treatment as,
74
–
75

mentalizing and,
111
–
12

neuroscience of,
92
–
95

studies involving,
74
–
75
,
76
–
79

social reasoning.
See
mindreading; social thinking/intelligence

social simulations,
138
,
139

social skills:

teaching,
292
–
93

workplace leadership and,
269
–
74

social support,
91
.
See also
altruism; cooperation

social thinking/intelligence,
18
–
19
,
34
–
35
,
108
–
12
,
127
–
30
.
See also
mentalizing; mindreading; mirror system

brain size and,
28
,
30
–
33

default network and,
19
–
23
,
26
–
27
,
118
–
20

vs.
individual innovation,
30
–
31
,
35

information sharing,
123
–
26
,
135
,
289
–
90

neural bases,
26
,
114
–
18
,
119

vs.
nonsocial thinking,
23
–
24
,
25
–
27
,
115
,
117
–
18
,
272
–
73

social working memory,
126
–
27

strategic IQ,
123

somatosensory cortex,
52
,
53
–
54

Southgate, Victoria,
170

Spitzer, Manfred,
233

Spunt, Robert,
21
,
62
–
63
,
118
–
20
,
147

Stag Hunt,
121

Stanton, Phil,
195

startle response,
159

status,
33
–
35
,
259
–
61

Stich, Stephen,
137

stop-signal task,
62
–
64
,
296

stranger aggression,
94
,
95

strategic IQ,
123

stress,
49

Stumpf, Carl,
105

suggestibility,
195
–
98

suppression,
216
,
218
–
19

Tabibnia, Golnaz,
73

television,
255

Telzer, Eva,
90

temporal poles,
116

temporoparietal junction (TPJ),
116
,
117
,
237
,
300

Teresa, Mother,
299

Theory of Mind,
108
–
12
,
137
,
143
,
167
–
68
.
See also
mentalizing deficits and autism,
162
–
68
,
172
,
177