The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land (96 page)

first direct assault, 94

First Crusade’s assault on, 96–103, 111

aftermath of, 103–7

recorded casualties in, 102

return to Europe after, 106–7

Franks re-establish presence in, 572

Frederick II enters, 570

Frederick II’s recovery of, 569

Godfrey’s death and, 118

Holy Sepulchre in,
see main entry

Hospital of St John in, 169, 185

Hospitallers formed in, 169 (
see also main entry
)

Islam’s early dominion over, 17

al-Kamil surrenders, 569

Khwarizmians attack, 574–6

limited political, economic and strategic value of, 540

Louis IX offers to exchange Damietta for, 602

military orders formed in,
see
Hospitallers; Templars

most revered focus of pilgrimage, 13

Mount of Olives in, 91

in Muslim histories, 112

Notre-Dame de Josaphat monastery near, 187

Nur al-din’s ornate pulpit in, 262–3, 363

Old City within, 91

Order of the Temple of Solomon (Templars) formed in, 168 (
see also
Templars)

patriarch of, 9

plunder amassed in, after First Crusade, 106

Quadrangular Tower in, 92, 97

reconquered from Fatimids, 22

ritual purification as prelude to taking of, 96

St Anne’s convent in, 187

Saladin’s 1187

conquest of,
see
Jerusalem, Kingdom of: Saladin’s 1187 conquest of

Saladin’s 1187 entry into, 357, 361

Saladin’s belief in sanctity of, 515

Temple Mount (
Haram as-Sharif
) in, 91, 101, 362, 569, 676

Third Crusade’s first advance on, 480–2,
481
, 488–9

Third Crusade’s second advance on, 502–3

indecision during, 502–3

Third Crusade turns back from,
see
Beit Nuba: Third Crusade’s first retreat from; Beit Nuba: Third Crusade’s second retreat from

Tower of David in, 92, 102, 103, 118, 119, 357

unrivalled sanctity of, 13

in Urban’s Clermont sermon, 36

Wailing Wall in, 91

Zion Gate in, 92

see also
Jerusalem, kingdom of; Outremer; Palestine

Jerusalem, kingdom of, 115, 126, 128, 148,
161
, 176, 178, 232, 236, 249, 290, 318, 492, 538, 648–9, 676

Angevin–Capetian rivalry perpetuated by political future of, 435

Angevin–Capetian settlement concerning throne of, 448

Baldwin of Boulogne anointed first king of, 120

Baybars’ truce with, 644

Conrad of Montferrat and, 435–6, 448

‘crusader state’, 115

Egypt a client state of, 271

extreme vulnerability of, 353–4

Franks request terms on Saladin’s 1187 conquest of, 358

Frederick II’s compromise with Latin nobility of, 571

Fulk V of Anjou crowned king of, 173

Guy and Sibylla become king and queen of, 342

Hohenstaufen domination rejected by, 573

interest in Egypt shown by, 268

Louis IX bolsters coastal defences of, 607

Nablus general assembly in, 172

nascent, 106

prayer-book treasure from, 174

repossession of, 361–3

Saladin begins first significant campaign against, 306

Saladin’s 1183 attack on, 326–9

Saladin’s 1187 conquest of, 355–63, 391

William of Tyre becomes chancellor of, 195
n

see also
Baldwin II; Baldwin III; Baldwin IV; Baldwin V; Guy of Lusignan; Jerusalem; Outremer; Palestine

Jesus of Nazareth, 14, 15, 49, 250

Muhammad acknowledges, 18

spear that pierced, 77–8

Urban invokes authority of, 38

Jezreel valley, 619

jihad
, 1, 23–6, 113, 226, 256, 263, 264, 659–60, 677

changing nature of, 25–6

enthusiasm for, 183, 189

examined, 25, 669–70

gathering pace of, 258

Nur al-Din a champion of, 238, 249, 262

Saladin’s passion for, 287, 306, 334, 514, 515

Zangi prioritises, 228

Joachim of Fiore, 389

Joanne of England, 389, 390, 429

Richard I’s suggestion of al-Adil’s marriage to, 484–5, 487

Job, 250

John II Comnenus, emperor of Byzantium, 171–2, 254

John the Baptist, 49, 169, 250

Crypt of, 187

John of Brienne, 539, 551, 552, 555, 557, 560, 561, 565, 571, 592

censured, 562

crown of Sicilian Armenia pursued by, 559

Damietta demanded by, 558

John of Ibelin, 631, 635

John of Joinville, 581, 584, 585, 586–7, 595, 598, 600, 601–2, 603–4, 605, 640

John, Prince (later king of England), 377, 383, 385, 493–4, 502, 516, 526

Philip Augustus’ alliance with, 497, 502

John of Villiers, 654, 655, 656

Joscelin II of Edessa, 193–4, 230–1, 237

Joscelin III (of Courtenay), 237, 259, 260, 304, 307, 323

release of, 304

surrender of, 259

Joscelin of Cornault, 594, 603

Joscelin of Courtenay, 138–9, 146, 149, 154

death of, 168

Joscius of Tyre, Archbishop, 367, 371, 372, 380

Jubail, 147, 150, 649

Judaean hills, 90, 92

lawlessness in, 122

Judaism:

Islam seen as ‘refinement’ of, 18

Islam’s poll tax on, 18

Jerusalem’s immutable, historical link with, 91

see also
Arab–Israeli conflict

Judas Iscariot, 400

Jurdik, 273, 292, 322, 507

Just War, prerequisites of, 15

Kafr Sabt, 346, 348

al-Kamil, 540, 552, 554, 556, 557–8, 560–2, 568–9, 593

death of, 573

Frederick II agrees terms with, 569

Frederick II’s communications with, 565–6, 568–9

Kemal, Namik, 674

Kerak, 167, 281, 282, 304, 318, 324, 344, 396, 557

Saladin besieges, 327–8, 329, 331

Kerbogha of Mosul, 72, 75, 76, 78–9, 79–81, 89

shameful retreat of, 81

Keukburi of Harran, 320, 332, 344, 345, 354, 404, 423

Khadir al-Mihrani, 626, 645, 646

al-Kharruba, 402, 408, 410

al-Khilafa, Shams, 125, 126

Khwarizmians, 566, 574–5, 589, 614

Kilij Arslan I, 52, 53, 56, 57–9

see also
Dorylaeum, Battle of; Nicaea, Siege of

Kilij Arslan II, 305, 316–17, 382

Kinaniyya, 589, 590

kingdom of Jerusalem,
see
Jerusalem, kingdom of

Kitbuqa, 615, 618, 619, 620 ‘Knights, much is promised’, 210–11

knights, 13–14

bloodshed sinful to, 14

forms of warfare familiar to, 14

Kogh Vasil, 138

Konya, 420, 421

Koran, 18, 24, 25, 180, 234

Krak des Chevaliers, 171, 396, 545–6, 634, 638, 641–2, 650