The Passport in America: The History of a Document (61 page)

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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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———.
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Index

absentee ballots,
276
n9

Achelis, Elizabeth,
51

“Act in Reference to the Expatriation of Citizens and their Protection Abroad” (1907),
158
–59

Adee, Alvey,
113
–14,
117
,
151
,
157

affidavits

establishing relationship between different names,
48

in lieu of naturalization certificates,
108
,
278
n37

from notary public,
92
,
98
–102,
99
f
,
144

from witnesses of births,
105
–7,
231
–32

“affiliated citizenship” certificate,
129
,
135
,
139
–41,
283
n40

African Americans citizenship and,
4
,
12
,
127
,
128
,
131
–34,
143
–45,
147
–48

free,
12
,
127
,
131
–34,
148

physical descriptors for,
77
,
133
,
144

slave pass system and,
15
–16,
26
,
264
n33

voting and,
76
–77

age,
69
,
71

verifying, in paternity claims,
176

whispering,
237
–39

Aldrich, T. B.,
49
–50,
66
,
68
–69,
77
–78

aliens.
See also
noncitizens

criminals, identification of,
182
–83

departure permits for,
187
–88,
203

documentary regime of verification for,
212

“enemy,”
199

head tax from,
179

illegal,
185
,
214

with intention to be citizens,
128
,
266
n19

registration of,
213
–14

visas for,
187
,
190
,
201
,
203
–5

altered passports,
23
,
25
,
39

ambassadors,
154
,
158
,
192