The Passport in America: The History of a Document (62 page)

American Jewish Committee,
21

American Legion,
235

Americanness, signs of,
179

American Patriotic League (APL),
200

American Public Health Association,
105

The American Passport: Its History and a Digest of Laws, Rulings and Regulations Governing its Issuance by the Department of State
(Hunt),
114
–15

anarchists,
157
,
201
,
241

Andrews, Samuel,
144

Angel Island immigration station,
87
,
118

Anglicized names,
47
–48

anthropometry,
58
,
68
,
72
–75,
73
,
78

APL (American Patriotic League),
200

applications,
92
–109.
See also specific individuals

assistance with filling out,
69

forms,
97
,
98
,
99
f
,
103
,
104
f
,
240

frustration with,
8
,
95
,
215
–16

guidelines and requirements for,
7
,
92
,
94
f
,
97
–103,
106
–7,
185
,
243

incomplete,
101

introduction of,
70

as “inquisition,”
233
–35

as letters,
92
,
93
f

local knowledge as evidence to support,
43
–44,
95

name different on naturalization

certificate
vs
.,
43
–44

for naturalized citizens,
92
–93,
98

oath of allegiance with,
98
–99,
100
f
,
142
,
193
,
277
n16,
277
n19

process,
97
,
101
–2,
109
,
141
,
193
,
215

returned,
92

standardization of,
92
,
95
,
97

statements with,
95
,
103
,
106

two different names on,
48

witnesses with,
98
,
102
–3,
193

during WWI,
101
,
188
,
193
–95

archival problematization of identity,
16
–18,
112
,
246
,
249
,
281
n33

Aron, Cindy Sondik,
113

assimilation,
47
–48,
171

Australian passports,
274
n2

Austria,
129
,
134
,
136
,
137
–39

authenticity

establishing,
9
,
42
,
248

of handwriting,
7
,
56
–58

imprint of official as form of,
39

of money,
37
–38

self and,
9
,
11

of signatures,
9
,
54
–57,
59
–63,
270
n6

authority

of documentation,
17
,
22
,
232
–33

money and,
36
–38

of photographs,
85
–86

of secretary of state,
22
,
142

signature as,
59
–63

standardization and,
39
,
42

of State Department,
29
,
36
,
131
,
141

symbols of,
22

text explaining,
23

babies.
See
infants

Baer, Beulah,
237
,
238
f

banknotes,
36
–38,
60

banks,
150
,
242

baptismal certificates,
6
,
105
–6,
231

baptismal names,
44

baptismal register,
45

barcodes,
248

Barrere, Francis Maria,
266
n12

Bates, Edward,
147
–48

bathing certificates,
207

Baynard, Thomas,
103
,
108
,
109

Beijing legation,
157

Berkshire, Frank,
198

Bertillon, Alphonse,
72
–75,
88

Bertillonage system,
73
–75,
173
,
246

Bielaski, Bruce,
200

biometrics,
17
,
246

birth certificates,
97
,
105
–7,
109

affidavits in lieu of,
107
,
231
–32

lost,
175

personal claims in absence of,
101
,
191
,
231
–32

retroactive,
106

birth registration,
6
,
105
,
178

birthright citizenship,
178
,
231
–33

black minstrels,
147

blacks.
See
African Americans

“blank,” passport,
69
.
See also
applications

bodies.
See also
phrenology; physical appearance; physical description; physiognomy

identity and,
9
,
12
–13,
133

measurement of,
72
–75

reading of, immigration and,
160
–68,
170
–71,
172
–76

Bolsheviks,
13
,
39
,
79
,
201
,
241

Borah, William,
236

border control,
160
,
183
,
185
–86,
209

border patrol,
197
,
210
–12

borders.
See also
land borders

ports commuters across,
197
–98,
207
–8

immigration and,
8
,
160
–62,
164

requiring passports at,
16
,
180

securing,
3
,
16

Brady, Matthew,
83
–84

branding or tattooing alien criminals,
183

Breeckow, George,
195
,
196
f
,
197

Brist, George,
227
–28

Britain,
69
,
192
.
See also
England

British colonies,
264
n31

Brown, John,
137
–39

Brown, William Wells,
132

Bryan, William Jennings,
80

Buchanan, James,
97
,
129
,
131
,
133

bureaucracy,
6
,
110
–21.
See also
federal government; State Department Chinese Exclusion Acts and,
117
–19

objectivity
vs
. subjectivity and,
111
,
114
,
119
,
120

passport nuisance and,
235
–36,
240

bureaucratic rationality,
111
–12

Bureau of Accounts,
111

Bureau of Archives and Indexes,
111

Bureau of Citizenship,
111
,
186
,
193
.

See also Division of Passport Control;

Passport Division

Bureau of Engraving and Printing,
33

Bureau of Immigration.
See
Immigration Bureau

Bureau of Investigation,
189
,
200
,
201
,
241
.
See also
FBI

businessmen

fee complaints by,
222
–24,
225
–28

living abroad,
155
–56

Canadian border,
142
,
207
–10

carbon paper,
117

cards, immigrant inspection,
167
–68,
171

Carr, Wilbur,
202
–3

car registration,
45

Cass, Lewis,
148

Caucasian,
161
,
162

certificate of citizenship, passport as,
11
–12,
21
,
22
,
68
,
95
,
126

distinction between passport and,
140

dubious citizens and,
126
–28,
133
,
147
–48,
150
–51,
158
–59

certificate of registration.
See
registration certificates

certificates.
See also
birth certificates; naturalization certificates

affiliated citizenship,
129
,
135
,
139
–41,
283
n40

of arrival,
212
–13,
298
n119

baptismal,
6
,
105
–6,
231

bathing,
207

consular,
191
–92

“ex parte,”
125

issued to freed persons of color,
145
,
146
f
,
147

Mexican citizenship,
174

return,
172
–73

Section-Six,
172
–73

“travel,” for Russia,
157

character

handwriting and,
7
,
58

letters of introduction vouching for,
144