The Passport in America: The History of a Document (69 page)

omission of wife’s,
49

in paragraph form,
66
,
79

privilege and,
77
–78

Punch
article on,
64
–65

race and ethnicity and,
76
–78

Russia and,
66
,
68

space for,
55
,
66
,
116
f

standardization of,
65
,
70
–74,
79

subjectivity of,
71
–72,
76
,
81

of suspect populations,
77
,
79
,
206

transcription errors in,
71

“unambiguous identity” through,
65
,
66
,
71

as vertical list,
66
,
66
f
,
79

physical descriptors

for African Americans,
77
,
133
,
144

types of,
64
,
66
,
69
–71,
81

physiognomy,
73
,
75
,
76
,
83

Pickwick Papers
(Dickens),
5

Pinkerton National Detective Agency,
200

Plante, Arthur,
209
–10

polygamists,
12
,
157
,
161

Popular Science
,
163
,
166
–67

ports.
See also
Ellis Island; steamships

European,
39
,
205
,
297
n98

immigration at,
117
,
171
,
173
,
175
,
182
,
187
,
212
–13

inspection problems at,
189
–90

postal money orders,
38

post offices,
150

press books,
116
f
,
117
,
280
n27

prima facie evidence of citizenship,
179
,
180

prisoners, filing systems for,
272
n11

privacy,
69
,
228
,
237
,
239
,
304
n121

privilege

class and,
9
,
77
–78,
219
–20

physical description and,
77
–78

reputation and,
14
,
233
,
235

Professional Criminals of America
,
84

Progressive Era,
199
,
207

Prohibition,
198
,
211

prostitutes,
75
,
157
,
161

protection, letters of,
126
,
127
,
129
,
131
,
133
–34,
150

protection papers,
25

protection, passport as request for,
23
,
25
,
52
,
134
,
141
,
151
,
158
,
217
,
223
,
236

proximity as criterion for “truth,”
106
,
139
,
153

public charges,
161
,
162
,
205
,
206

Public Health Service (PHS),
162
,
166
,
205

Puerto Rico,
159

Punch
,
64
–65,
70
,
71
,
78

Purvis, Robert,
132
–33

Quakers,
235

Quetelet, Adolphe,
72

quotas, for immigration.
See
immigration quotas

race and ethnicity.
See also specific race

citizenship and,
107
,
133
,
143
–45,
147
–48

degeneration of European race,
75

immigration and,
4
,
12
–13,
161
–62,
163
,
165
,
166
,
168
,
174
–75

physical description and,
76
–78

racial threats to national identity,
230

voter identification and,
76
–77,
96

ration books,
45

REAL ID Act of 2005,
17
,
249

record keeping,
16
,
96
,
101
,
106
,
115
,
212
,
246
,
249
,
276
n8

Redmond, Sarah,
143
–45,
145
f

Red Scare,
203
,
230

Reed, Alfred C.,
167

reentry permits,
212
–13

regime,
10
,
247
,
264
n24.
See also
documentary regime of verification; passport regime

registration.
See also
birth registration; voter registration

of aliens,
213
–14

European passport system as,
150

of Germans,
200
–201

registration certificates,
159
,
172

relationships.
See also
personal knowledge

between citizens and states,
95
,
108
,
213
–14,
216
,
217
,
236
–37

identification through,
96
,
108

reliability and proximity in,
106

relatives, of immigrants,
169
,
180

reliability,
7
,
9

of documentation of identity,
63
,
111

of photographs,
82
,
84
–85

and proximity in relationships,
106
,
139

religion

oath of allegiance and,
277
n19

photographs and,
81

religious name and nuns,
53

tezkereh
and,
135
,
136
–37

renewing passports,

cost of,
223

physical description and,
71

during residence abroad,
128
,
151
–55,
192
,
223

by teachers,
225

reputation

identification through,
6
,
36
,
69
,
95
,
233
,
235

privilege and,
14
,
233
,
235

residence

requirements for naturalization,
128
,
212
,
266
n19

verification of,
7
,
96
,
97

residence abroad

in Britain,
192

expatriation and,
155
–56,
158
–59

loyalty and,
128

renewing passports during,
128
,
151
–55,
223

respectability,
15
,
217
,
228
–35

retina scans,
17

return certificates,
172
–73

Roberts, Kenneth,
228
–29

Rockefeller, John,
241

rogues’ gallery,
76
,
84
,
87
,
241

Rome,
129

Roosevelt, Theodore,
169
,
177

Root, Elihu,
61
–62,
115
,
179

Rowland, Reginald,
195

Russia

Aldrich and wife traveling in,
49
–50,
66
,
68
–69,
77
–78

Hapgood traveling in,
31

Jews traveling to,
21
–22,
66

Lithuania’s independence from,
25

passport required in,
150

physical description and,
66
,
68

“travel certificates” for,
157

visas from,
21

“safe conducts,”
3

sailors,
131
,
133

Saturday Evening Post
,
209
,
214

scars and tattoos,
66
,
78
,
79

scientific drawing,
84

scientific management,
248

scribes,
279
n6

seals,
33

authenticity with,
9

counterfeit,
39

on fraudulent passports,
39

to legitimate claims on paper,
22

official,
33

on photographs,
36
,
80

as signatures,
59
,
61
,
271
n29

seamen, passports for,
131
,
263
n18

seaports.
See
ports

secretary of state.
See also specific individuals

assistant,
113

authority of,
22
,
142

as author of passport,
23

signature of,
9
,
54
,
59
–63,
271
n22,
271
n24,
271
n26

Section-Six certificates,
172
–73

Sedition Act of 1918,
199

Selective Service Act,
200

self,
9
–10,
11
,
78

self-verification,
17
,
47
,
101
,
108