The Passport in America: The History of a Document (66 page)

inspections of,
162
–71,
173
–76,
179
,
189
–90,
203
–9,
296
n94

names of,
45
–48

relatives of,
169
,
180

as suspect populations,
12
–13

travelers
vs
.,
219
–20

immigration.
See also
immigrants

borders and,
8
,
160
–62,
164

class and,
165
,
173
–74

of criminals,
162
,
169

illegal,
208
,
211

naturalization certificates and,
180

policies,
12
–13

at ports,
117
,
171
,
173
,
175
,
182
,
187
,
212
–13

race and ethnicity,
4
,
12
–13,
161
–62,
163
,
165
,
166
,
168
,
174
–75

reading of bodies and,
160
–68,
170
–71,
172
–76

restrictions on,
4
,
13
,
38
,
102
,
107
,
160
–64,
177
,
204

stations,
52
,
118

Supreme Court on,
160
,
161
,
164
,
179

Immigration Act of 1891,
161

Immigration Act of 1907,
212

Immigration Act of 1921,
13
,
204
,
296
n95

Immigration Act of 1924,
13
,
205
,
208

Immigration Bureau

Chinese immigrants and,
46
,
117
–18,
175
,
178
–79,
181

creation of,
162

information requested by,
167

report on Mexican border,
198

immigration quotas,
38
,
163
,
172
,
296
n86

enforcement of,
203
–5

introduction of,
220

nationality and,
13
,
186
,
204
–5,
207

income taxes,
6
,
45
,
216

indexing systems,
117
,
170
,
176
,
213

Indian territory,
15
,
25
–26

individual identity

groups
vs
.,
12
,
204

national identity
vs
.,
4
–5,
8
,
11
–12

“industrial citizenship,”
162

infants,
49
–50,
81

information.
See also
filing systems

collection, classification and circulation of,
112
,
175
,
182
,
197
–98,
201

storage and retrieval of,
114
–15,
117
,
212
–13

inspections, of immigrants,
162
–71,
173
–76,
179
,
189
–90,
203
–9,
296
n94

insular possessions,
159
,
177

International Society for Collectors,
29
,
32
f

introduction, letters of,
11
,
54
,
96
,
126
–27,
130
,
131
,
144
,
149
,
150

invalid passports,
25
,
55
.
See also
expired passports

Jagger, John,
149
–50,
285
n72

Japanese associations,
178

Japanese immigrants,
107
,
177
–78

Jews traveling to Russia,
21
–22,
66

joint passports,
49
–50,
156

journalists,
194

Kasson, John,
75

Kennedy, David,
200

“kings license,”
3

knowledge.
See also
local knowledge; personal knowledge authoritative sources of,
279
n17

objectivity in production of,
4

about population, industry and society, federal government’s,
5
–6,
198
–99

Kossuth, Lajos,
134
–35

Koszta, Martin,
134
–39

Labor Department.
See
Department of Labor

land borders,
197
–98,
202
,
206
–12.
See also
Canadian border; line houses; Mexican border

Lansing, Robert,
187
,
189

Lau, Estelle,
163

League of Nations,
218
–20,
226
,
271
n29

passport regime,
218

legal status of passport,
125
–27,
179

legends, across photographs,
80
–81

letters

applications as,
92
,
93
f

of introduction,
11
,
54
,
96
,
126
–27,
130
,
131
,
144
,
149
,
150

passports as,
23
,
25
,
52
,
59
,
63
,
125
–27,
130
,
140

in press books,
280
n27

of protection,
126
,
127
,
129
,
131
,
133
–34,
150

Lindbergh, Charles, kidnapping of son,
242

line houses,
209
–10

literacy

forms and,
70
,
101

names and,
47

tests for,
296
n88

voter registration and,
96

Lithuania,
25

local knowledge,
6

challenged by federal government,
47
,
95
,
97
,
98
,
108
,
118
,
216
–17,
233

as evidence to support application,
43
–44,
95
,
144
,
153
,
178

sources of,
262
n12

Lodge, Henry Cabot,
223
,
225

logistical media, time and space arrangement by,
262
n5

loyalty

citizenship and,
141
,
151
,
153
,
155
,
158

to nation-state,
98

residence abroad and,
128

loyalty cards,
248

Lucy Stone League,
50
,
51

maiden names,
50
–53

manifests, steamship,
166
–71,
178
,
182
,
183
,
212

Marcy, William,
136
–38

marginal populations.
See also
criminals

documentation of,
65
,
219

identification of,
46
,
68
,
119
,
249

marks

distinguishing,
66
,
78
,
79
,
81

signatures as,
54
–58,
60
,
270
n6

marriage

name, in China,
46

to naturalized citizen,
93

to noncitizen,
50

record of,
178

married women,
12
,
49
–53,
67
f
,
156

Matsuda, Matt,
97
,
115

McKenzie, Donald,
92
–93,
95
,
103
,
108

Mead, Margaret,
50

mechanical objectivity,
88
,
249

“Mediterranean Passports,”
16

membership cards,
29
,
32
f
,
208

memory

collective, of community,
6
,
96

objectivity of archival,
182

of state,
115
,
117
,
170
,
175
,
182
,
212
–13,
246
–47

of State Department employees,
113
–14

merit system

diplomatic and consular service, introduced in,
154

federal government, introduced in,
113

Metcalf, Victor,
179

Mexican border,
187
,
197
–98,
207
–9

Mexican citizenship certificates,
174

military service, avoiding,
142
,
152

ministers, foreign,
153
–54

missionaries,
155
,
194
,
286
n101

Mnookin, Jennifer,
58

mobility and movement

freedom of,
125

increased,
65
,
75
,
219
,
242

internal, documents for,
15
,
264
n31

managing,
16

modernization and modernity,
4
,
63
,
112
,
195
,
198
,
230
,
235
,
240
,
242
,
244
,
245

money,
22
,
36
–38.
See also
currency

Moore, John Bassett,
127

morality,
157
,
162
,
165