Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know (39 page)

State Department, U.S.,
92
,
115
,
116
,
117
,
129

state economic enterprises,
67
,
86
,
171

State Law and Order Restoration Council/State Peace and Development Council.
See
SLORC/SPDC

state religion,
43
,
53
,
58
,
59
,
136

statues, gigantic,
15
,
16

strategic interests,
3
–4,
32
,
120
–121,
159
–162,
175

student demonstrations,
63
–64,
68
,
77
–78,
79

   university closures and,
78
,
85
,
96

   violent repression of,
63
,
68
,
77
–78,
86
,
136
–137

Suez Canal,
32

Suharto,
128
,
146
,
173

Supreme Sangha Council,
72

Suu Kyi,
87

Sweden,
97

System of Correlations of Man and His Environment, The
(military 1963 document),
51
,
64
–65

Taiwan,
45
,
46

Taksin Shinawatra,
106

Tamu-Kalewa-Kalemyo road,
123

tatmadaw. See
military

taxation,
168

teak reserves,
6
,
19
,
27
,
31

   exports and,
51

   overcutting of,
170

technical aid,
47

television,
67
,
137

Tenaserium,
22
,
27

textiles,
115

teza
program,
84

Thailand,
3
,
4
,
23
,
39
,
44
,
93
,
97
,
98
,
108
,
119

   Buddhism and,
151

   Burma/Myanmar economic concessions to,
86

   Burma/Myanmar relations with,
95
,
132
,
159

   Burmese historical rivalry with,
5
,
21

   financial crisis in,
100

   gas field income and,
165

   historic independence of,
28
,
31

   investments in Burma/Myanmar by,
99

   Kuomintang incursion into,
46

   narcotics trade and,
104
,
106
–107

   refugees in,
86
,
179

   social changes in,
164

   strategic interests and,
161

   strategic planning and,
159

   tourism in,
9

Than Shwe,
93
,
130
,
133
,
137
,
150
,
155
,
187

   Aung San Suu Kyi and,
89
,
90

   Bangladesh border region and,
109

   Indian visit of,
123

   leadership style of,
75

   SLORC command and
82
,
83

Thant

   demonstrations over slighted burial of,
63
,
68
,
77

   as UN secretary-general,
48
,
176

thathanabaing
(supreme patriarch),
32
,
33

Theravada Buddhism.
See
Buddhism

“Thirty Comrades” program,
124

3DF program,
97

“Three Disease” program,
177

Tiananmen Square uprising (1989),
50
,
80
,
81

Tibeto-Burman linguistic group,
10

timber,
66
,
86
,
100
,
122
,
160

   overcutting and,
170
See also
teak reserves

tin,
31

Tin Oo,
82
,
83
,
131
,
155

Tin U,
87

torture,
129

totalitarianism,
12

tourism,
8
,
9
,
67
,
68
,
100

trade,
19
,
22
,
23
,
75
,
77
,
85
,
124
–125,
166

   Chinese,
23
,
27
,
28
,
121
,
124
,
159

   European Union actions and,
177

   U.S. sanctions,
115

trade routes,
4
,
28

Transparency International,
100

Trust Vindicated?
(military book),
56

tuberculosis,
3
,
97
,
177

“tuition” schools,
96

tungsten,
31

Twain, Mark,
5

Ukraine,
161

unemployment,
85

unicameral legislature,
69

UNICEF,
96

Union Day,
58

Union National Democracy Party,
87

Union of Burma.
See
Burma/Myanmar

Union Party,
58

Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA),
103
,
112
,
127
,
128
,
169

United Kingdom,
48
,
97
,
112
–113

   Commonwealth and,
44
–45
See also
British colonial era

United Nations,
7
,
22
,
46
,
105
,
108
,
122
,
143
,
147
,
179

   Aung San Suu Kyi and,
89
,
90
,
94
,
130
,
176

   Burma/Myanmar policies of,
119
,
176
–177,
183

   Burma’s “least developed nation” status and,
77
,
97

   Cyclone Nargis relief and,
142

   Development Program,
118

   Human Development Report,
97
,
98
,
166
,
169

   Human Rights envoy,
177

   name “Myanmar” and,
10
,
116

   Responsibility to Protect (R2P) provision,
118
,
142

   Saffron Revolution and,
138

   Thant as secretary-general of,
48
,
176

United States,
4
,
5
,
83
,
88
,
104
,
113
,
122
,
179
,
183

   ASEAN Treaty and,
183

   Burma as name recognized by,
10
,
116

   Burma/Myanmar human rights violations and,
116
,
117
,
129

   Burmese government-in-exile in,
93
,
178

   Burmese military training program of,
116

   Burmese opium production and,
105
,
106
,
114
,
116
,
117
,
131

   Burmese people’s failed revolution and,
79

   foreign aid criteria of,
171
–172

   former Union of Burma policy of,
47
–48,
49

   humanitarian assistance and,
97
,
114
,
125
,
140
–141,
177

   Kuomintang and,
44
,
45
,
46

   Myanmar policy-change potential and,
185
–186

   Myanmar regime change goal of,
116
,
117
,
119
,
141
,
161
,
174
–175

   Myanmar sanctions of,
100
,
105
,
114
,
115
,
118
,
119
,
120
,
125
,
174
–175,
177

   Myanmar’s distrust of,
141
,
173

   National League for Democracy and,
90
,
92

   Rangoon embassy of,
132

   strategic interests and,
161

United Wa Army,
106

universal conscription,
55
,
110

universities,
11
,
33
,
68
,
135

   closures of,
78
,
85
,
86
,
96

   “distance learning” and,
68
,
96

   military-controlled access to,
169

   military training and,
84
,
102
See also
student demonstrations

University for the Development of National Races,
113

University of Rangoon,
33

   suppression of student demonstrations at,
63
–64,
68
,
77

unstable nations,
167

U Nu.
See
Nu

Uppattasanti pagoda,
133
,
136
,
137
,
150

Upper Burma,
27

USAID program,
116

U Thant.
See
Thant

Vietnam,
23
,
28
,
47
,
113
,
169
,
184

   foreign investments in,
100

   human rights and,
95

   village headmen,
30
–31

Wa (ethnic group),
xxiv
,
49
–50,
106
,
107
,
145
,
164

   cease-fires and,
111

warrior kings.
See
monarchy

Wa State,
49
–50.
See also
Shan State

White Flag Communist Party.
See
Burma Communist Party

Wingate’s Raiders,
36

women, status of,
109
–110,
145