Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy (67 page)

23
.
World Can End
, 317–18.

24
.
ZU
, 237–38; RGADA, 1263.3.100, 116–17ob; 1263.3.103, 7; 1263.3.104, 4–5ob.

25
. KNG, 150–51.

26
. IDG, 101–102.

27
. Reswick,
I Dreamt
, 36–38, 42, 160–61.

28
. Fen,
Remember
, 255–59, 273–74.

29
. Ibid., 290–92; Smith,
The Pearl
.

30
.
ZU
, 358; Volkov,
Gorodu
, 404; Schmemann,
Echoes
, 252.

31
. Hullinger,
Reforging
, 321–23.

32
. RGADA, 1263.3.104, 19–22ob.

33
. Pautenaude,
Big Show
, 51–52, 278–79, 302–11; Brovkin,
Russia
, 147–49; Reswick,
I Dreamt
, 113–14; Hullinger,
Reforging
, 319–28.

34
.
ZU
, 320;
PG
, 430; IDG, 101–102.

35
. Leggett,
Cheka
, 291–92; Brooks, “Press,” in
Russia
, ed. Fitzpatrick, 244–45; Hullinger,
Reforging
, 144–45.

36
. Gorsuch, “Flappers and Foxtrotters,” chap. 6 in
Youth
; Starr,
Red
, 90–93; Reswick,
I Dreamt
, 113–14.

37
. RGADA, 1263.3.97, 10–17, 65–66ob.

38
. Ibid., 1263.3.106, 73–74ob.

15:
NOBLE REMAINS

1
. ABM;
KhiG
13 (2006): 124;
ZU
, 283.

2
.
ZU
, 281–83.

3
. Ibid., 282–83.

4
. OGSh, 109–10.

5
.
ZU
, 283.

6
. YPS/V, 56.

7
. AVT/V, 1:16.

8
.
KhiG
13 (2006): 127.

9
. NIOR RGB, 265.233.37, 73ob–76ob.

10
. ABM.

11
. TAS, 421.

12
. NIOR RGB, 265.233.37, 65–66, 78.

13
.
KhiG
9 (2002): 111;
KhiG
11, pt. 1 (2004): 135–37.

14
.
ZU
, 324;
PG
, 455–56.

15
.
ZU
, 281–88; NIOR RGB, 265.233.37, 74–76ob.

16
.
ZU
, 287–88.

17
. YPS/V, 56; ZVG, 2:90.

18
. ZVG, 2:91.

19
. Ibid., 2:91–92.

20
. Ibid., 2:90;
KhiG
13 (2006): 125–26, 129.

21
. ZVG, 2: 91, 93.

22
.
KhiG
1 (1996): 145–46; Muratov,
Rod
, 126; RGADA, 1263.3.104, 19–22ob.

23
.
ZU
, 241; ZVG, 2:89;
OPR
, 421; Raevskii,
Piat’ vekov
, 272; Sofia Golitsyn, undated letter, Golitsyn Family Papers, box 1, folder 1, HIA.

24
. NIOR RGB, 265.233. 37, 76ob–77ob;
KhiG
13 (2006): 129–30;
ZU
, 307–13.

25
.
ZU
, 225–26, 257, 305;
KhiG
10, pt. 1 (2003): 74–75; AVT/V, 1:6–8.

26
.
ZU
, 56–57, 315–17, 347; Smirnova,
“. . . pod.”

27
.
ZU
, 317–20; Fusso,
Russian Prince
, xiii–xiv; A. V. Trubetskoi,
Puti
, 6, 9; AVT/V, 1:8–9; Smirnova,
“. . . pod,”
245, 253–54; Varlamov,
Prishvin
.

28
. Muratov,
Rod,
124–52;
KhiG
13 (2006): 128, 130–31; I. V. Golitsyn, “Otets,” 89;
OPR
, 421;
ZU
, 342–43, 380–81, 410–11. Trubetskoy’s stories have been translated in Fusso,
Russian Prince
.

29
.
ZU
, 295–96.

30
. Raevskii,
Piat’ vekov
, 321–22;
ZU
, 306.

31
. ZVG, 4:80.

32
. Ibid., 3:89–91; MVG/M, 68. Peter the Great gave the village of Pebalg to Boris Sheremetev, Nikolai’s great-great-great-great grandfather, in 1711 for his services in the Great Northern War.

33
. Fen,
Remember
, 239–49.

34
. Kimerling, “Civil Rights”; Alexopoulos,
Stalin’s Outcasts
, 1–6, 97; Pethybridge,
Social Prelude
, 197–99; Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 30–34; idem,
Everyday
, 11; Dobkin, “Lishentsy”; Brovkin,
Russia
, 31–32; Osokina,
Our Daily Bread
, 80.

35
. Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 34, 43–45, 50, 54, 59–60; Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 46–48.

36
. Sevost’ianov, ed.,
“Sovershenno sekretno,”
vol. 1, pt. 1, 94–95, 125–26, 195–96.

37
. Von Meck,
As I
, 412.

38
. Rendle, “Family, Kinship,” 14.

39
. Solzhenitsyn,
Gulag
, 2:53; Brovkin,
Russia
, 11–13, 16–17, 30–36, 219–22, 198–99; Chuikina,
Dvorianskaia pamiat’
, 46–51; Raleigh, “Russian Civil War,” 154; Shearer,
Policing
, 259–60.

40
. Brovkin,
Russia
, 184.

41
.
KhiG
13 (2006): 109.

16:
THE FOX-TROT AFFAIR

1
. Brovkin,
Russia
, 2, 213–15.

2
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 71, 147, 153–54; Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 36.

3
. Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
, 85, 94, 97–106; Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Sword
, 33, 34–35, 42; Perry and Pleshakov,
Flight
, 280–92, 296; and, with caution, Nikulin,
Mertvaia zyb’
.

4
.
PG
, 64–66, 423–24; KNG, 162–75;
OPR
, 69–71.

5
. Troyat,
Gorky
, 62, 65, 76, 100; Dolzhanskaia and Osipova,
“Dorogaia Ekaterina,”
21–30;
OPR
, 5–6; Mering, “Politicheskii krasnyi krest.”

6
. Dolzhanskaia and Osipova,
“Dorogaia Ekaterina,”
30–47;
OPR
, 7.

7
.
ZU
, 327–28.

8
.
OPR
, 71.

9
.
ZU
, 337–38. Uncle Misha was Mikhail Lopukhin, the brother of Sergei’s mother, executed by the Bolsheviks.

10
. Ibid., 329.

11
. KNG, 221–22.

12
. Von Meck,
As I
, 245–51.

13
. TAS, 423.

14
.
ZU
, 330; RGADA, 1287.1.3304, 1–2ob; Kovaleva,
Staraia Moskva
, 139–40; S. D. Sheremetev,
Vozdvizhenskii naugol’nyi dom
.

15
. YPS/V, 9; ABM;
ZU
, 354–55; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 392;
KhiG
13 (2006): 126.

16
.
SH
, 2:169.

17
.
ZU
, 329; MVG/M, 68–69; Elagin,
Ukroshchenie
, 52–53; Kaufman,
Pervaia Turandot
, 35, 309–10.

18
.
ZU
, 325–26; ABM;
SVS
, 20;
OPR
, 23, 405–406, 480–81;
KhiG
7 (2000): 294–95.

19
. KNG, 210–11, 214–16; AVT/V, 1:11–12; Kireev,
Dnevnik
, 406.

20
. KNG, 215–16, 243–53;
PG
, 68–70.

21
. M. Osorgin,
Zametki
, 617.

22
. O. Volkov,
Gorodu
, 404; Schmemann,
Echoes
, 250–53. On mousetraps, Lincoln,
War’s Dark Shadow
, 203; Sollohub,
Russian Countess
, 148;
OPR
, 34.

23
.
ZU
, 359–60; Schmemann,
Echoes
, 254–58.

24
.
ZU
, 365–70; V. M. Golitsyn, “Vyderzhki,” 34.

25
.
ZU
, 370.

26
. Ibid., 371; V. M. Golitsyn, Notes to “Vyderzhki,” 35, 36;
PG
, 435–37.

27
.
ZU
, 361–62, 371.

28
.
PG
, 435–37;
ZU
, 387–88; V. M. Golitsyn, Notes to “Vyderzhki,” 48;
OPR
, 241.

29
. ZVG, 3:90.

30
.
ZU
, 394.

31
. KNG, 276.

17:
VIRTUE IN RAGS

1
. Letter of Alexandra Sipyagin, February 16, 1921, private collection.

2
. RGALI, 195.1.5018a, 1.

3
. Kiriushina, “Stranitsy,” 185.

4
. RGALI, 195.1.4983, 1–100.

5
. NIOR RGB, 265.233.37, 73–76ob.

6
. ABM;
SH
, 2:145.

7
.
SH
, 2:145; OR RNB, 585. 4614, 4ob; ABM.

8
. OGSh, 104. Sofia Vasilevna is not identified.

9
. ABM.

10
. Wassiltschikow,
Verschwundenes Russland
, 203–204; ABM; Karnishina, “Vozvrashchaias,” 29.

11
. ABM.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Ibid.; OR RNB, 585.4614.

14
. Alekseeva, “Velikii terpelivets,” 26; ABM;
SVS
, 245.

15
. ZVG, 5:83; Shumikhin, “Konets.”

16
. Kovaleva,
Staraia Moskva
, 3. My thanks to Mariana Markova for helping with this translation.

17
. Koval’,
Kniaz’ Vasilii
, 231–32.

18
.
Moscow Memoirs
, 197.

19
. Koval,’
Kniaz’ Vasilii
, 231–32.

20
. Ibid., 175, 226–72.

21
.
OPR
, 71;
ZU
, 398–99.

22
.
KhiG
5 (1998): 114–16;
KhiG
1 (1996): 150–52; Osokina,
Our Daily Bread
, 72–74.

23
. Notes to “Vyderzhki,” 40; letter from M. V. Golitsyn to A. V. Golitsyn, Moscow, December 1, 1925, Golitsyn family papers, box 1, folder 2, HIA;
ZU
, 375; ZVG, 4:78.

24
.
ZU
, 347; Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 265.

25
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 184.

26
.
ZU
, 354.

27
. Ibid., 419–20, 434, 437–49.

28
. Ibid., 413.

29
. ABM;
OPR
, 23.

30
. TAS, 423–24, 454; ABM.

31
. ABM.

32
. TAS, 453; ABM.

18:
THE GREAT BREAK

1
. Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 476–85; Ball, “Building,” 184–88; Gladkov,
Cement
, 246–47, 275–76.

2
. Brovkin,
Russia
, 219–22; Khlevniuk,
Master
, 1–38; Ball, “Building,” 188–91.

3
. Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 484–94; Shearer, “Stalinism,” 192–99; Fitzpatrick,
Everyday
, 2, 41–42, 54–57; Viola,
Unknown Gulag
; Werth,
Cannibal Island
; Khlevniuk,
History
, 9, 57, 107, 237; Applebaum,
Gulag
, 4.

4
. Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 38–40, 47, 47n34; idem,
Everyday
, 5–12, 19.

5
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 71, 190.

6
. Ivanov, “Byvshie liudi,” 71–72; Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 192, 269; Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 49;
Komsomol’skaia Pravda
, no. 266, September 26, 1931, 2; no. 62, March 16, 1933, 1.

7
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 72, 234–35;
OPR
, 10; Khlevniuk,
History
, 55; Shearer,
Policing
, 57–58, 188, 243, 253.

8
. Lyons,
Assignment
, 174–76.

9
.
Duranty Reports
, 209–11.

10
. Channon, “Tsarist Landowners”;
Komsomol’skaia Pravda
, no. 1, May 24, 1925, 3; no. 13, June 10, 3; no. 14, June 11, 2; no. 24, June 23, 2; Chuikina,
Dvorianskaia pamiat’
, 33–34.

11
. Tolstoy,
I Worked
; Croskey,
Legacy
;
OPR
, 153;
Dektrety
, 8:12, 16:70.

19:
THE DEATH OF PARNASSUS

1
. OGSh, 121–22.

2
. ABM; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 380.

3
. GARF, 2307.10.218, 31; ABM; Kiriushina, “Stranitsy,” 190–93; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 379;
SH
, 2:147.

4
.
Komsomol’skaia pravda
, no. 58, March 10, 1929, 1.

5
. ABM;
SH
, 2:147; Kiriushina, “Stranitsy,” 194.

6
. Shumikhin, “Konets.”

7
. Krasko,
Tri veka
, 380; ABM; Kiriushina, “Stranitsy,” 198–201; RGALI, 612.1.2853, 190–92.

8
. Krasko,
Tri veka
, 298–332; Mishkevich,
Doktor
, chap. 8.

9
. TsGAMO, 66.11.7906, 2.