Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy (65 page)

52
. McMeekin,
History’s Greatest Heist
, 39.

53
. Ibid., 56–71.

54
. Coles and Urusova,
Letters
, 326–33.

55
. M. Buchanan,
City
, 217–18.

56
. Figes and Kolonitskii,
Interpreting
, 186.

57
. Robien,
Diary
, 186, 190, 218.

9:
THE CORNER HOUSE

1
. OGSh, 33–39; RGADA, 1287.1.3500, 54–59ob, 64–68ob.

2
. OR RNB, 585.4627, 3–4, 13, 23; RGADA, 1287.1.3759, 75–75ob.; Kraskov,
Tri veka
, 269–79; RGADA, 1287.1.3759, 84; author interview with Yevdokia Sheremetev, March 19, 2009.

3
. KNA, 145, 15; 146, 1–3; 148, 1; Zhukov,
Sokhrannye revoliutsiei
, 60, 82–83, 92–93, 172–74; idem,
Stanovlenie
, 165; Konchin,
Revoliutsiei prizvannye
, 88.

4
. ABM.

5
. Kovaleva,
Staraia Moskva
, 139–40; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 378; OR RNB, 585.4363; ABM; YPS/V, 53;
SH
, 2:147.

6
. Krasko, “Graf,” 467; idem, “Ob odnom,” 93–94; OR RNB, 585.6085, 3–3ob;
SH
, 2:147.

7
. Kiriushina, “Stranitsy,” 184–85; GARF, 2307.8.5, 3; Alekseeva, “Velikii, 25–26; Krasko, “Graf,” 467; Wassiltschikow,
Verschwundenes Russland
, 392–93; RGALI, 612.1.2853, 188, 190–92.

8
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 156–59.

9
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 67–68.

10
. OGSh, 75–76.

11
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 159–61; Anichkov,
Ekaterinburg
, 155.

12
. Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 510.

13
. Volkov-Muromtsev,
Iunost’
, 172.

14
. ABM.

15
. OR RNB, 585.4614, 2–3.

16
. ABM; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 267–68; OGSh, 80; YPS/V, 53; RGADA, 1287.1.5919, 24–25; Kovaleva,
Staraia Moskva
, 34–35, 139.

17
. ABM.

18
. YPS/V, 54.

19
. Ibid., 51, 54–55.

20
. Ibid., 54–55; Meiendorff,
Through Terror
, 48, 132–33; RGADA, 1287.1.3431, 16–18.

21
. YPS/V, 54–55.

22
. OR RNB, 585.4628, 11ob.

23
. For examples of daring escapes, see Korostowetz,
Seed
, 357–79; Paley,
Memories
, 272–73, 302–309; Wolkonsky,
Way
, 144; Belosselsky-Belozersky,
Memoirs
, 65–69; Fitzpatrick and Slezkine,
In the Shadow
, 135–39; Vyrubova,
Memories
, 376–81; Polovtsov,
Glory
, 336–44; Glenny and Stone,
Other Russia
, 120–21; Isaakova, “Testimony,” BA, 237; Rodzianko,
Perelomy
, 79–80; Sayn-Wittgenstein,
Dnevnik
, 214–56, 265–70, 290; TAS, 326–28; Wolkonsky, “Diary,” 65–66; Ponafidine,
Russia
, 231–301.

24
. Meshcherskaya,
Russian Princess
, 9–10.

25
. Almedingen,
Tomorrow
, 124.

26
. Chuikina,
Dvorianskaia pamiat’
, 18–19, 36.

27
. Almedingen,
Tomorrow
, 147. See also Robien,
Diary
, 233, 268; Pethybridge,
Spread
, 170–75.

28
. Coles and Urusova,
Letters
, 289.

29
. OGSh, 75–76. See also 33–35, 48–51, 56–57, 62–63, 73; RGADA, 1287.1.3500, 60–63ob.

30
. Bunin,
Cursed Days
, 57.

31
. Sayn-Wittgenstein,
Dnevnik
, 175, 179; Coles and Urusova,
Letters
, 360–62.

32
. OGSh, 33–35, 58–59, 73.

33
. Sayn-Wittgenstein,
Dnevnik
, 175, 179; Kokovtsov,
Iz moego
, 2:428; Sollohub,
Russian Countess
, 99.

34
. MVG/M, 65; TAS, 322.

35
. YPS/V, 53; ABM; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 383, 393, 403;
SH
, 2:148, 150.

36
.
SH
, 3:391–92, 398.

37
. RGADA, 1287.1.5062, 81–82; ABM.

38
. MVG/M, 64; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 378; author interview with Evdokia Sheremetev, March 14, 2009; ABM.

39
. ABM; Reswick,
I Dreamt
, 112, 160–61. On tame Communists, KNG, 219, 232–33.

40
. Kaminski,
Konzentrationslager
, 34–36; Afanas’ev, et al., eds.,
Istoriia
, 2:523; Applebaum,
Gulag
, 31–32; Leggett,
Cheka
, 176–81; Shapovalov,
Remembering
, 4.

41
. GARF, R–1005.1a.148, 141–43, 154, 217–17a; WSHC, 1720/1130, Prince Nicholas Galitzine, 9–10.

42
. Letters 39–57 of A. Dolgoruky to his mother in Igor Vinogradoff Collection, box 1, HIA.

43
. Benckendorff,
Last Days
, 144; Wolkonsky,
Way
, 110–11; ABM.

44
.
OPR
, 22–23, 150n.1; IDG, 8; ABM; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 217–26; Mawdsley,
Russian Civil War
, 265, 268–71.

45
. ABM; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 386, 406; IDG, 84–85.

10:
SPA TOWN HELL

1
. ABM; Shkuro,
Zapiski
; Zernov,
Na perelome
, 229–89; Savel’eva,
Kavkazskie Mineral’nye Vody
, 125, 150; GARF, 5819.1.5, 125; Musin-Pushkin, “Kniga,” 3:24–25.

2
. Kokovtsov,
Iz moego proshlogo
, 2:422–25.

3
. V. Urusova, “Moi vospominaniia,” 62–64; Kshesinskaia,
Vospominaniia
, 191–203; Shkuro,
Zapiski
, 24–28.

4
. Kokovtsov,
Iz moego proshlogo
, 2:428–29, 432–33; Urusova, “Moi vospominaniia,” 62–64.

5
. Denikin,
Ocherki
, 3:188; Savel’eva,
Kavkazskie Mineral’nye Vody
, 235–36, 242.

6
. Ignatieff,
Russian Album
, 133; Luckett,
White Generals
, 184.

7
. ABM.

8
. P. Uvarova,
Byloe davno
, 201–203.

9
. “Zapiski kn. M. S. Trubetskoi,” in Aleksei B. Tatishchev Collection, box 4, HIA, 2:1–2; A. A. Tatishchev,
Zemli
, 282; Tatistcheff, “Crossing the Field,” 202–29.

10
. Savel’eva,
Kavkazskie Mineral’nye Vody
, 124, 135–36, 244–45; Tatistcheff, “Crossing the Field,” 204, 209–12; Serge,
Year One
, 214–15, 394–95n.8 and 20, 399n.48; Buldakov, “Revoliutsiia, naselie”; Kriven’kii,
Politicheskie deiateli
; GARF, 5819.1.4, 3ob–5; Amfiteatrov-Kadashev, “Stranitsy,” 559–60; Acton, ed.,
Critical Companion
, 223, 225, 749.

11
.
Rod L’vovykh
, 246; Léonida,
Chaque
, 65–66; “Zapiski kn. M. S. Trubetskoi,” 2:1–12; GARF, 5819.1.4, 40; Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi terror,” 7:14–15; Pipes,
Russian Revolution
, 309–14; Tatistcheff, “Crossing the Field,” 215–17; Z. N. Yusupov, “Diary,” February 7, 8, 10.

12
. Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi Terror,” 7:14–15.

13
. Ibid., 7:17; L’vova and Bochkareva,
Rod L’vovykh
, 145, 242–60; Coles and Urusova,
Letters
, 274–77, 389–90; GARF, 5819.1.5, 124–25.

14
. Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi terror,” 9:19.

15
. Ibid., 7:16.

16
. Ibid., 7:18–19, 28, 34; Denikin,
Ocherki
, 3:228–29; Savel’eva,
Kavakzskie Mineral’nye Vody
, 78.

17
. Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi terror,” 7:21–24;
Akt
.

18
. L’vova and Bochkareva,
Rod L’vovykh
, 145, 242–60; Coles and Urusova,
Letters
, 389–90; Zernov,
Na perelome
, 264–70; Fel’shtinskii,
Krasnyi terror
, 34, 35; Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavski, “Krasnyi terror,” 7:15–25.

19
. L’vova and Bochkareva,
Rod L’vovykh
, 140–47, 257; GARF, 5819.1.125, 126–27.

20
. Anonymous, “An Appreciation,” 28–36.

21
. Serge,
Year One
, 395n.8; Savel’eva,
Kavkazskie Mineral’nye Vody
, 135–36; Buldakov, “Revoliutsiia, nasilie”; Amfiteatrov-Kadashev, “Stranitsy,” 559–50. One source states Alexander was shot, not stabbed to death.

22
.
Akt
; Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi terror,” 7:25–31; GARF, 5819.1.125, 126–27.

23
. GARF, 5819.1.3, 8–8ob; 5819.1.5, 126–27; Fel’shtinskii and Cherniavskii, “Krasnyi terror,” 7:26.

11:
BOGORODITSK

1
. VMG/D, 166.

2
. Ibid., 182, 201, 206.

3
. Ibid., 204, 212, 338.

4
. Ibid., 272.

5
. Ibid., 229.

6
. Ibid., 229, 315–16.

7
. Ibid., 352.

8
. AVT/V, 1:4–5.

9
.
KhiG
4, pt. 1 (1997): 67–69.

10
.
ZU
, 155–56, 160–61;
KhiG
1 (1996): 144.

11
.
ZU
, 162–68; VMG/D, 276; KNG, 134–46; AVT/V, 1:2; Rendle, “Family, Kinship,” 39–42; idem, “Problems of Becoming,” 12–13.

12
. A. E. Trubetskoi, “Kak my pytalis’ spasti tsarskuiu sem’iu,”
DS
2 (1995): 61–68; S. E. Trubetskoi,
Minuvshee
, 255; VMG/D, 173, 208; Fusso,
Russian Prince
, xii–xiii; Smirnova,
“. . . pod
,” 251.

13
. S. E. Trubetskoi,
Minuvshee
, 171–73. On the underground, see Kuz’mina,
Kniaz’ Shakhovskoi
, 265–66;
OPR
, 9, 9n.2; Golinkov,
Krakh
, 55–56, 62; Rendle,
Defenders
, 205–206, 228–29; Volkov-Muromtsev,
Iunost’
, 159.

14
.
Ocherki russkoi smuty
, 3:74–76.

15
. Leggett,
Cheka
, 279–91;
DS
4 (1996): 364–78; 9 (1999): 272–90;
OPR
, 167–68; Klement’ev,
V bol’shevitskoi moskve
.

16
.
OPR
, 9 and 9n.2.

17
.
ZU
, 157, 173–75; ZVG, 5:79–80.

18
. Mikhail’s letter is attached to “Zapiski kn. M. S. Trubetskoi,” in A. B. Tatishchev Collection, box 4, HIA.

19
.
ZU
, 177–78.

20
. Ibid., 179–91; RGADA, 1287.3.90, 32–32ob; 1287.3.91, 1; 1287.3.107, 35–38ob; KNG, 123–24.

21
.
ZU
, 193–94;
KhiG
4, pt. 1 (1997): 70–71; Muratov,
Rod
, 97.

22
. RGADA, 1287.3.100, 225–25ob.

23
. KNG, 129–30.

24
. Ibid., 356–57.

25
. RGADA, 1263.3.97, 8–8ob, 34–35.

26
. Almedingen,
Tomorrow
, 230; S. E. Trubetskoi,
Minuvshee
, 160, 181–83. See also Kovalevskii,
Dnevniki
, 25–27, 44; Meiendorff,
Through Terror
, 96, 102, 132; Britneva,
One Woman’s Story
, 87–88; ZVG, 4:87; IDG, 69–70, 85; Alekseev,
Usad’ ba andreevskoe
, 59–61; Sollohub,
Russian Countess
, 142–44.

27
.
ZU
, 205.

28
. “Zapiski kn. M. S. Trubetskoi,” in A. B. Tatishchev Collection, box 4, HIA, 28.

29
. RGADA, 1263.3.104, 14–15ob; AVT/V, 1:4.

30
. RGADA, 1263.3.99, 42–43ob.

31
. Ibid., l. 57–58ob.

32
. Ibid., 1263.3.95, l. 3–4ob.

33
. Ibid., 1287.3.100, 180–80ob, 187, 194ob, 223.

34
. Ibid., 158–59ob.

35
.
ZU
, 21–17; RGADA, 1263.3.107, 35–38ob; 1263.3.106, 46–47ob, 75–75ob.

36
. Leggett,
Cheka
, 96; Rendle,
Defenders
, 223–28; idem, “Officer Corps.”

37
. Volkov,
Tragediia
, 240, 245, 259–61; Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 254;
Dekrety
, 5:327, 426.

38
.
PG
, 73–74, 577–80; Koval’,
Kniaz’ Vasilii
, 207–208, 275–306; See also Skriabina,
Strannitsy
, 56.

39
. Kantor,
Voina
; Butson,
Tsar’s Lieutenant
.

40
. Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, especially pp. 549–50, 644–45, 696–99; Kovalevskii,
Istoriia
. Brusilov was convinced his son had been executed, though it is possible he died of typhus.

41
. Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 696n.

42
.
ZU
, 221–24; Fusso,
Russian Prince
, xiii; RGADA, 1263.3.95, 36–37; AVT/V, 1:3.

43
. KNG, 132–33, 358;
ZU
, 121–23, 154–55, 221–24, 229–40; RGADA, 1263.3.107, 35–38ob; 1263.3.104, 25–26ob.

44
.
ZU
, 221, 239.

45
. Rodzianko,
Perelomy
, 48–49, 91. See also Tolstaia-Voeikova,
Russkaia sem’ ia
.