Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy (66 page)

46
. RGADA, 1263.3.105, 53; 1263.3.107, 35–38ob.

47
. Ibid., 1263.3.95, 41–42ob; 1263.3.104, 109.

48
. Ibid., 41–42ob.

12:
DR. GOLITSYN

1
. AVG/M, 48–50.

2
. Ibid., 8–9, 50;
KhiG
10, pt. 1 (2003): 203–12

3
. AVG/M, Appendix II:11.

4
. AVG/M, 11–18.

5
. L’vov,
Vospominaniia
, 295.

6
. AVG/M, 22–26.

7
. Ibid., 27.

8
. AVG/M, App. I:10, 13; VMG/D, 229; Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 650; OGSh, 42.

9
. AVG/M, App. I:7;
PG
, 402–03.

10
. AVG/M, App. I:8–9; Alexandra,
Last Diary
, 214.

11
. AVG/M, 58; “Kniaz’ G. E. L’vov,” 140–70.

12
. Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 650–51.

13
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 64–68; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 234–35; Smele,
Civil War
, 25–33.

14
. King and Wilson,
Fate
, 10–25, 282–95; Steinberg and Khrustalëv,
Fall
, 277–97; Slater,
Many Deaths
.

15
. King and Wilson,
Fate
, 296–315.

16
. Ibid., 260–61; Steinberg and Khrustalëv,
Fall
, 301, 322–23; Preston,
Before the Curtain
, 106–107.

17
. King and Wilson,
Fate
, 204–11.

18
. Anichkov,
Ekaterinburg
, 88, 95, 102.

19
. King and Wilson,
Fate
, 218–21, 336–37, 504; Cockfield,
White Crow
, 243–45; Nikolai Mikhailovich, “Pis’mo,” 87.

20
. OGSh, 56–59, 61; AVG/M, 75–76.

21
.
ZU
, 173.

22
. VMG/D, 333–34.

23
. For one example, see Shcherbatov,
Pravo
, 56.

24
. Von Meck,
As I
, 172.

25
. AVG/M, 59–65; VMG/D, 281, 287, 298, 300; AVG/M, Appendix I:15, 19; Appendix IV: 1–6, 22–25; RGADA, 1263.3.94, 111–12ob.

26
. AVG/M, 66–74.

27
. Ibid., 74.

28
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 72, 137–38, 141–42; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 234, 246.

29
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 143–50; Smele,
Civil War
, 71–182; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 235–45.

30
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 245–46; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 185.

31
. AVG/M, 74–75, 79; L’vov,
Vospominaniia
, 295; Thompson,
Russia
, 64, 77, 79; Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 651–52.

32
. AVG/M, Appendix II:17–18.

33
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 184, 201; Smele,
Civil War
, 215–48, 307–26.

34
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 250–52.

35
. Ibid., 244; Smele,
Civil War
, 277–89.

36
. Smele,
Civil War
, 169–81, 439; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 253–54; Brovkin,
Behind
, 205–206; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 207.

37
. AVG/M, Appendix II:18; Appendix III:2–4.

38
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 259–65; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 186–90, 204–207.

39
. AVG/M, 81, and Appendix III, 5–6.

40
. Smele,
Civil War
, 543–50.

41
. AVG/M, 85–86; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 265–66.

42
. Smele,
Civil War
, 587–89; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 318.

43
. AVG/M, 86–92.

44
. YP/D, 9, 27; RGADA, 1263.3.107, 28–28ob.

45
. Smele,
Civil War
, 590–92; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 318.

46
. AVG/M, Appendix III:7.

47
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 319.

48
. YP/D, 1, 3; AVG/M, Appendix III:16;
KhiG
10, pt. 1 (2003): 203–12.

49
. AVG/M, Appendix III:8–10; YP/D, 1, 3.

50
. AVG/M, Appendix II:15–16.

51
. Ibid., 16–17.

52
. Ibid., Appendix III:13–14.

53
. Smele,
Civil War
, 549–50; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 266; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 319. The sources disagree on the exact date of Kolchak’s departure from Omsk; I cite here that given by Smele.

54
. Smele,
Civil War
, 584–638, 664–65; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 319–20; Acton, ed.,
Critical Companion
, 715.

55
. YP/D, 2–12.

56
. Ibid., 13, 24; Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 322. On Semenov, see Khitun,
Dvorianskie prosiata
, 230–81; Bisher,
White Terror
; Palmer,
Bloody White Baron
; Williams,
Olga’s Story
, 156–97.

57
. See Fel’shtinskii,
Krasnyi terror
.

58
. Smele,
Civil War
, 385n.176.

59
. Rodzianko,
Tattered Banners
, 262.

60
. Brovkin,
Behind
, 205–206; Welch,
Russian Court
, 101.

61
. YP/D, 14–15.

62
. Ibid., 15.

63
. Ibid., 18.

64
. RGADA, 1263.3.107, 28–28ob.

65
. YP/D, 27; AVG/M, Appendix III:10.

66
. See Taskina, ed.,
Russkii Kharbin
.

67
. YP/D, 21.

68
. Ibid., 20; L’vov,
Vospominaniia
, 5.

69
. AVG/M, 94–97; YP/D, 25.

70
. AVG/M, Barnes epilogue, 66; RGADA, 1263.3.103, 13–13ob; 1263.3.94, 109–10; A. V. Golitsyn’s identity card, 6th Irkutskii Svodnyi Evako-gospital’ Krasnoi Armii, July 26, 1920, Golitsyn Family Papers, box 3, HIA.

71
. T. Galitzine,
Russian Revolution
;
PG
, 60–61, 243, 259; Anichkov,
Ekaterinburg
, 163, 218; King and Wilson,
Fate
, 342.

72
. AVG/M, Appendix IV:22–25; RGADA, 1263.3.94, 111–112ob; Grech,
Venok
, 27–28.

73
. RGADA, 1263.3.94, 4–5ob.

74
. Golitsyn Family Papers, boxes 2 and 3, HIA.

13:
EXODUS

1
.
Cursed Days
, 10–11.

2
. Ibid., 95.

3
. Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 287–88, 294, 339; see also Fen,
Remember
, 101–200.

4
. Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 294, 299.

5
. Ibid., 305–306.

6
.
Cursed Days
, 139–40.

7
. Ibid., 223.

8
. Ibid., 107. For more on cocaine, see Zinovieff,
Red Princess
, 124–25.

9
.
Cursed Days
, 165.

10
. Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 352. Bunin paraphrases here Joseph’s interpretation of the pharaoh’s dream in Genesis 4:4.

11
. Ibid., 305, 347–50;
Cursed Days
, 214; Z. N. Yusupov, “Diary,” January 12, February 23, 24, April 5, 6, 1919; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 320–24; Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 676–79. On the often exaggerated role of anti-Semitism among the old regime elites at the time, see Rendle,
Defenders
, 7–8, 171–72.

12
. Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 317–24. Lincoln writes, likely with exaggeration, that Khmelnitsky’s men killed “some two hundred thousand Jews.” See also Rogger,
Jewish Policies
; Klier and Lambroza, eds.,
Pogroms
.

13
. Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 8–9, 307;
Cursed Days
, 147–49, 159–61, 181–84, 245–46.

14
.
Cursed Days
, 243.

15
. Ibid., 20–21; Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 291.

16
. Marullo,
Russian Requiem
, 358–59.

17
.
Cursed Days
, 23.

18
. See Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 377–86.

19
. Shcherbatov,
Pravo
, 67.

20
.
Always with Honor
, 332–33. The leading Western historian of the war largely concurs with their assessments. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 386–95. See also Buldakov, “Revoliutsiia, nasilie,” 9–10.

21
. Z. N. Yusupov, “Diary,” February 7, 8, 10, 1919; YPS/V, 43; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 352.

22
. Welch,
Russian Court
, 11–17, 27; V. E. Galitzine, “Diary,” March 25–April 5, 1919.

23
. Krasko,
Tri veka
, 353.

24
. Ibid., 176–79; Z. N. Yusupov, “Diary,” April 7–8, 20, 1919.

25
. Z. N. Yusupov, “Diary,” April 13, 1919; Krasko,
Tri veka
, 353.

26
. Krasko,
Tri veka
, 357–59; e-mail communication from Kyra Cheremeteff, September 28, 2011.

27
. Obolenskii,
Moia zhizn’
, 739–51. The Nabokovs left the Crimea in March 1919, never thinking they would never return.
Speak
, 251, 253.

28
. Rodzianko,
Perelomy
, 102–103. Ellipses in original.

29
. Lobanov-Rostovsky,
Grinding Mill
, 373–74.

30
. ABM; V. E. Galitzine, “Diary,” March 3–April 5, 1919.

31
.
PG
, 510; Irina Galitzine,
Spirit
.

32
.
Always with Honor
, 318, 324; Mawdlsey,
Civil War
, 374.

33
. Brovkin,
Behind
, 346–49.

34
. Smirnova,
Byvshie liudi
, 82–83.

35
. Shcherbatov,
Pravo
, 69–70.

36
. Smirnova,
Byvshe liudi
, 82–83;
OPR
, 9, 9–10n.8.

37
.
OPR
, 166.

38
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 322–24.

39
. For various estimates, see Rendle,
Defenders
, 213–14; Raymond,
Russian Diaspora
, 7–10; Horsbrugh-Porter,
Memories
, 1; Shoumatoff,
Russian Blood
, 298; Glenny and Stone, eds.,
Other Russia
, xx; Raleigh, “Russian Civil War,” 166.

40
. Engel and Posadskaya-Vanderbeck,
Revolution
, 102.

41
. Trifonov,
Likvidatsiia
, 168.

42
.
Krasnaia gazeta
, no. 10, January 14, 1922, p. 2.

43
. Von Meck,
As I
, 189.

44
. Trifonov,
Likvidatsiia
, 395–96.

45
. Fitzpatrick,
Tear Off
, 57.

14:
SCHOOL OF LIFE

1
. Mawdsley,
Civil War
, 399–400; Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 474–75; Raleigh, “Russian Civil War,” 166–67; Ball, “Building,” 168–72.

2
. Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 474; Raleigh, “Russian Civil War,” 147, 166.

3
. Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 474–75; Lincoln,
Red Victory
, 390, 467–73, 489–511; Figes,
People’s Tragedy
, 768; Raleigh, “Russian Civil War,” 147–48, 161–62; Ball, “Building,” 168, 171.

4
. Ball, “Building,” 168–71, 179, 181, 182; Riasanovsky and Steinberg,
History
, 474–76.

5
. Duranty,
Duranty Reports
, 38, 41.

6
. Hullinger,
Reforging
, 204–205.

7
. Ibid., 205–208, 214–15.

8
. Tolstoy,
I Worked
, 58, 62.

9
. Almedingen,
Tomorrow
, 291–92.

10
. KNG, 156–59; Fen,
Remember
, 265; Sollohub,
Russian Countess
, 188.

11
. KNG, 147–50, 159.

12
. ZVG, 4:86–87;
ZU
, 278–79.

13
. NIOR RGB, 265.233.37, 71ob–73.

14
. RGADA, 1263.3.100, 105–105ob; 1263.3.90, 28.

15
. ZVG, 4:87.

16
.
ZU
, 266–67; Schmemann,
Echoes
, 10–12, 106, 199–204, 190–203, 248; G. N. Trubetskoi,
Gody
, 59–68.

17
. RGADA, 1263.3.94, 21–26; 1263.3.100, 50ob; 1263.3.103, 11–12ob, 14–15ob.

18
. Golder,
War
, 299.

19
. ZVG, 4:86–87; RGADA, 1263.3.104, 19–22ob;
PG
, 433–34.

20
. Pautenaude,
Big Show
, 197–99; Brooks, “Press,” in
Russia
, ed. Fitzpatrick, 244–45.

21
. Pautenaude,
Big Show
, 278–79; IDG, 103–28, 149–50.

22
.
ZU
, 317–20; A. V. Trubetskoi,
Puti
, 6, 9; Smirnova,
“. . . pod,”
253–54.