Authors: Jonathan Israel
Tags: #History, #Europe, #France, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #18th Century, #Philosophy, #Political, #Social
33
. Malouet,
Mémoires
, 2:132; Hamspon
, Life
, 95–96.
34
. Malouet,
Mémoires
, 2:133; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 372–75.
35
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 36:606 (29 Dec. 1791).
36
. Doyle,
Oxford History
, 178–79; C. Jones,
Great Nation
, 455–56.
37
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 36:607 (29 Dec. 1791).
38
. Pestalozzi,
Sämtliche Briefe
, 3:287.
39
. Jaume,
Le discours Jacobin
, 196–98.
40
. Robespierre, “Sur la guerre (2 Jan. 1792), in Žižek (ed.),
Robespierre
, 115, 118–19.
41
.
La Chronique du mois
2 (May 1792), 24–25; Baker,
Condorcet
, 307–9.
42
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 36:616–17 (29 Dec. 1791); Bouissounouse,
Condorcet
, 205–6.
43
.
La Chronique du mois
2 (May 1792), 123–24.
44
. Ibid., 123, 125; Louvet,
Mémoires
, 1:44–45; Hampson,
Life and Opinions
, 99–100.
45
. Hansen,
Quellen zur Geschichte
, 2:168–69.
46
. Dumouriez,
Mémoires
, 1:2, 1:8.
47
. Mallet du Pan,
Considérations
, 40.
48
.
La Chronique du mois
2 (May 1792), 38–39.
49
. Baker,
Condorcet
, 307–8; Bell,
First Total War
, 114–17.
50
.
La Chronique du mois
2 (April 1792), 58–66.
51
. Ibid. (May 1792), 62–63.
52
. Rosendaal,
Bataven!
, 305–8.
53
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 648 (3 May 1792), 3961–62; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 407.
54
. E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
; Tarin,
Diderot
, 60.
55
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 648 (3 May 1792), 3963–64.
56
. Ibid., no. 649 (6 May 1792), 3966–67.
57
. E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 409–10; Tarin,
Diderot
, 60.
58
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 648 (3 May 1792), 3959.
59
. Losfeld,
Philanthropisme
, 3–4, 184.
CHAPTER 10
The Revolutionary Summer of 1792
1
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 75:523 (3 Oct. 1793); Mitchell,
French Legislative
, 134–39.
2
. Louvet,
La Sentinelle
, no. 20 (1792), 1; Chaumette,
Mémoires
, 7; Baker,
Condorcet
, 309.
3
. Burstin,
Révolution
, 369–72.
4
. Louvet
, La Sentinelle
, no. 20 (1792), 1–2; Chaumette,
Mémoires
, 15.
5
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 9 Aug 1792, 1.
6
. Malouet,
Mémoires
, 2:138–39; Carra,
Annales patriotiques
183 (1 July 1792), 806–7.
7
. Brissot,
Opinion de J. P. Brissot
, 1–4.
8
. Levasseur,
Mémoires
, 1:262.
9
. May,
Madame Roland
, 215; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 384–86; Whatmore,
Republicanism
, 78–80.
10
. Louvet,
La Sentinelle
21 (1792), 1–5, and 23 (1792), 1; Furet,
Revolutionary France
, 110; Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 191.
11
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
, 5:215, 5:217, 5:225–26, 5:240.
12
. Ibid., 1:1–2; Roederer,
De la philosophie moderne
, 29; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 410.
13
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
11 (July 1792), 538.
14
. Ibid.
,
1; Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 182, 184; McPhee,
Robespierre
, 91, 123.
15
. Robespierre
, Le Défenseur
, 1:45 and 4:174–77.
16
. Ibid., 4:184–86; McPhee,
Robespierre
, 107–8.
17
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
, 4:186.
18
. Ibid., 1:38–41; Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 182.
19
. Louvet,
La Sentinelle
, no. 1 (1792), 1.
20
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
190 (8 July 1792), 838.
21
.
La Chronique de Paris
, 26 June 1792, 711–12.
22
. Burstin,
Révolution
, 378–79.
23
. Chaumette,
Mémoires
, 33–34.
24
. Baker,
Condorcet
, 313–14; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 391–93.
25
. Chaumette,
Mémoires
, 37–38; Mandar,
Des Insurrections
, 189; Bertaud,
Les Amis du roi
, 244.
26
. Pétion,
Les Voeux
, 8; Princeton UL Pamphlets 1509 178999, vol. 35, no. 10; Pétion,
Discours
, 1.
27
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
, 194 (12 July 1792), 856; Mongrédien,
French Music
, 44; Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 202.
28
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 7 Aug. 1792, 1 and 9 Aug. 1792, 1.
29
. Bertaud,
Les Amis du roi
, 235.
30
.
Extrait des Registres … Mauconseil
, 1–4; Carra,
Annales patriotiques
, 219 (6 Aug. 1792), 965, 968; Louvet,
La Sentinelle,
no. 47, 1–2.
31
. Bayle,
De l’Inutilité
, 5, 7, 16, 28.
32
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 47:627–28 (session: 9/10 August 1792).
33
. Quoted in Baker,
Condorcet
, 313.
34
. Slavin,
French Revolution
, 110–11.
35
. Louvet,
Mémoires
, 2:142; Baker,
Condorcet
, 315.
36
. Whaley,
Radicals
, 68–74.
37
. Louvet,
Mémoires
, 2:244; Burstin,
Révolution
, 403–6.
38
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
12 (August), 570.
39
. Robespierre,
Œuvres complètes
, 8:427; Rocques,
État de France
, 10; McPhee,
Robespierre
, 125–26; Ansart-Dourlen,
L’Action politique
, 152.
40
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 10 Aug. 1792, 1; Martin,
Violence et révolution
, 135–39.
41
. Gough,
Newspaper Press
, 87; Bertaud,
Les Amis du roi
, 247.
42
. Louvet,
La Sentinelle
, no. 47 (12 Aug. 1792), 3–4; Chaumette,
Memoires
, 58–61; Mercier,
Paris,
1:144–47; Slavin,
French Revolution
, 112–13.
43
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 47:611 (session: 10 Aug. 1792); Boroumand,
La Guerre
, 304–5.
44
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 47:692 (session: 10 Aug. 1792); Louvet,
La Sentinelle
, no. 47 (12 Aug. 1792), 6.
45
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 47:691 (session: 10 Aug. 1792); Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 15; Woloch, “Contraction,” 311.
46
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 47:647–48 (session: 10 Aug. 1792).
47
. E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 457.
48
. Whaley,
Radicals
, 76–77.
49
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 48:151 (15 Aug. 1792); Robespierre,
Œuvres complètes
, 8:438.
50
. Scott,
Terror and Repression
, 35–38; Johnson,
Midi in Revolution
, 204, 211.
51
. Scott,
Terror and Repression
, 35–36.
52
. Lanthenas,
Motifs
, 9–10.
53
. Prudhomme,
Histoire générale
, 1:28.
54
. Furet,
Revolutionary France
, 110.
55
.
Archives Parlementaires,
47:660 (session: 10 Aug. 1792).
56
. Gorsas,
Courrier
15 (15 Aug. 1792), 230; Robespierre,
Œuvres complètes
, 8:432.
57
. Rocques,
État de France
, 2:26, 2:44, 2:75.
58
. Gorsas,
Courrier
14 (14 Aug. 1792), 215; Slavin,
French Revolution
, 120.
59
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
, no. 229 (16 Aug. 1792), 1011; Louvet,
La Sentinelle
48 (15 Aug. 1792).
60
.
Gazette nationale,
3rd ser., 2, no. 20 (20 Jan. 1793), 178.
61
. Girey-Dupré,
Patriote français
1196 (18 Nov. 1792), “Discours de Jerome Pétion”; Buonarroti,
Conspiration pour l’égalité
, 20.
62
. Mandar,
Des insurrections
, 6.
63
. Hesse, “La Logique culturelle,” 926–27.
64
. Monnier, “L’Évolution,” 61–62.
65
. Wahnich,
L’impossible citoyen
, 175–77; Desan, “Foreigners,” 89–91.
66
. On Bolts, see Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 590, 592–93.
67
. Chénier,
Pétition
, 2.
68
. Losfeld,
Philanthropisme
, 3–4, 177, 192–96; Desan, “Foreigners,” 91.
69
. Chénier,
Pétition
, 3–4; Schüttler,
Mitglieder
, 33; Hermann,
Knigge
, 148.
70
. Klopstock,
Werke
8, 1:272–74. Klopstock to Roland, Hamburg, 19 Nov. 1792.
71
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 48:180–81 (15 Aug. 1792); Baker,
Condorcet
, 315; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet, 1743–1794
, 459–60.
72
. Gueniffey, “L’election,” 66–67.
73
. Bertaud,
Les Amis du roi
, 250.
74
. Robespierre,
Œuvres complètes
, 8:444–45.
75
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 49:118 (30 Aug. 1792); Girey-Dupré,
Patriote français
1118 (1 Sept. 1792), 249–52; Bluche,
Septembre 1792
, 42.
76
. Robespierre,
Le Défenseur
, 1:48–49.
77
. Louvet,
Mémoires
, 2:159–60; M. L. Kennedy,
Jacobin Clubs
, 182–83; Scott,
Terror and Repression
, 62.
78
. Louvet,
La Sentinelle
, no. 52 (21 Aug. 1792), 1.
79
. Ibid., no. 55 (29 Aug. 1792), 1.
80
. Louvet,
Mémoires
, 2:150–51, 2:154–56; Baker,
Condorcet
, 315.