Authors: Jonathan Israel
Tags: #History, #Europe, #France, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #18th Century, #Philosophy, #Political, #Social
Vatar, René-Charles-François (1761–1835), printer and chief editor of the
Journal des hommes libres
,
596
,
671
,
690
,
730
venality of office,
25
Vendée, royalist rebellion (1793–95),
201
,
421
–
22
,
427
–
28
,
438
,
440
,
444
,
446
,
454
,
456
,
482
,
497
–
99
,
528
–
29
,
538
,
543
,
545
–
46
,
600
,
635
Vendémiaire uprising (5 Oct. 1795). See
journées
Venice,
209
,
305
,
644
,
648
,
650
; Venetian Republic suppressed (1797),
648
–
49
,
654
,
659
,
660
–
61
;
Libro d’Oro
ceremonially burnt (1797),
648
,
654
Ventôse decrees (26 February and 3 March 1794),
549
Vergniaud, Pierre Victurnien (1753–93), Brissotin leader,
222
,
230
,
246
,
249
,
284
,
291
,
299
,
308
–
9
,
314
,
346
,
354
,
422
–
23
,
425
,
447
,
454
,
514
–
15
,
565
,
730
Verona, revolt of Pasque Veronesi (April 1797),
644
,
647
–
48
Verona Declaration (6 July 1791),
166
Verri, Pietro (1728–97), Milanese enlightener,
649
Versailles,
39
,
55
,
58
–
59
,
61
,
262
,
314
; court of,
30
,
62
–
63
,
90
–
92
; march on (5–6 October 1789),
91
–
92
,
95
,
145
; palace of,
91
–
92
,
262
veto, royal, and veto debate (September 1789),
72
,
87
–
88
,
103
,
142
,
230
,
247
,
255
Vigée Le Brun, Louise Élisabeth (1755–1842), artist,
20
,
92
Villette, Charles Michel, marquis de (1736–93), aristocratic egalitarian publicist,
82
,
88
,
124
–
25
,
128
,
138
,
151
,
160
–
61
,
309
,
730
; denounces Montagne,
275
,
294
,
304
; promotes cult of Voltaire,
138
,
172
Vincent, François-Nicolas (1767–94), Hébertiste leader,
275
,
466
,
537
,
541
,
547
–
49
,
551
–
52
,
730
Virieu-Pupetières, François-Henri, comte de (1754–93), antidemocratic Dauphiné deputy and founder of the Club des Impartiaux,
116
Volney, Constantin François de Chasseboeuf, comte de (1757–1820), materialist philosophe and revolutionary,
19
,
22
–
23
,
26
,
29
,
35
–
36
,
49
,
54
,
62
–
63
,
76
,
78
,
82
,
84
,
86
,
107
,
236
–
37
,
396
,
428
,
532
–
33
,
582
–
83
,
590
,
619f
,
623
,
657
–
59
,
662
–
64
,
686
,
701
,
730
; asserts alliance of clergy with political tyrants,
181
,
185
,
657
–
59
; and atheism and materialism,
428
,
686
,
707
; in Corsica,
332
–
33
,
427
,
666
; critique of, of Montesquieu,
658
,
666
,
668
,
706
; and republicanism,
123
,
618
;
La Loi naturelle, ou
Catéchisme du Citoyen français
(1793),
532
–
33
;
Les Ruines
(1791),
4
,
224
,
707
;
La Sentinelle du peuple
(1788),
36
–
37
;
Voyage en Syrie
et en Égypte
(2 vols., 1787),
657
,
666
,
668
volonté générale,
5
,
23
,
42
,
125
,
128
–
29
,
132
,
138
,
142
,
188
,
190
,
217
,
254
,
289
,
306
,
308
,
346
–
52
,
358
,
360
,
369
,
377
,
611
,
676
,
706
–
8
Voltaire (
né
François-Marie Arouet) (1694–1778), philosophe,
68
,
135
,
137
–
39
,
150
–
52
,
170
–
74
,
244
,
297
,
299
–
300
,
367
,
519
–
20
,
556
,
598
,
707
; and Anglophilia,
23
; as icon of the early Revolution,
18
–
19
,
50
,
170
–
71
,
278
,
289
; and Jean Calas affair,
172
–
73
; and monarchism,
19
; pantheonization of,
152
,
170
–
72
,
172f
; and social conservatism,
85
,
138
,
244
,
250
;
Brutus
(1730),
133
–
34
,
170
,
299
,
430
,
460
;
Mérope
(1743),
430
–
31
;
La Mort de Caesar
, (1736),
133
,
170
,
299
,
519
Vonck, Jean-François (1743–92), Belgian revolutionary leader,
99
,
234