The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (152 page)

Neurath, Konstantin von, 76

Neutrality Act, U.S., 268, 270

newspapers, Dutch, 125

newspapers and newsreels, German, 22–24, 160–61

Niylas party, 640–42 NKVD, Soviet, 45–46, 212–15, 249, 475, 477–78

Noelle, Elisabeth, 161

Norway, 66, 75, 449, 454

Nossig, Alfred, 522–23

Nuremberg laws, 123

Oberg, Karl, 377

Oberhauser, Wirth and Josef, 432

obstruction.
See
resistance Odessa, 226

Odier, Lucie, 461 odors, Auschwitz, 510

Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE), 193

OKW.
See
Wehrmacht

Oneg Shabat chroniclers, 106, 146, 150, 394, 445, 528

Opoczynski, Peretz, 445

Oppenheim, Menachem, 441

opposition.
See
resistance

opposition leaders, German, 54–55, 74, 511–13, 526, 634

Oranienburg concentration camp, 104

Organization Todt, 646–47

orphans, 429–31.
See also
children

ORPO (Order Police), 13

Orsenigo, Cesare, 74, 94, 516, 567

Orsós, Ferenc, 642

Orthodox Jews, 6, 27–28.
See also
Judaism

Osborne, Francis d’Arcy, 465–66

Ostland, 261–63, 283, 323–72, 531.
See also
Kovno; Vilna

Ostrowsky, Bernard, 388–89

Oszmiana, 437

Otter, Göran von, 459

Ottolenghi, Adolfo, 612

OUN (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists), 71, 213–14, 223

Pabianice, 388–89

Pacelli, Eugenio.
See
Pius XII (Pope)

Palestine (Eretz Israel).
See also
Yishuv

awareness in, about exterminations, 596–98

exchanging of Jews, 583

Hitler on, 277

Jewish migration to, 10, 60, 83, 86–90, 457–58

leadership in, 126, 305–6, 596–98

Polish government-in-exile and, 457

Romanian Jews and, 450, 594
Struma
ship issue, 329–30

Palfinger, Alexander, 144

Paris, 110, 117, 164–66, 171–72, 440, 444.

See also
France

partisans.
See also
auxiliary forces; resistance

Croatian, 227–30

Hitler on, 280

Jews, 530

Lithuanian, 221–25

mass executions and, 240

Romanian, 225–27

Ukrainian, 360–61

passivity, xv, xxi–xxiii, 9–10, 103–4, 479, 555–57, 631

Paty de Clam, Charles du, 554

Paulus, Friedrich, 331, 400, 401

Paulus Bund, 58

pauperization.
See
expropriation campaign

Pavelić, Ante, 227–30, 453, 487

peace offers, Hitler’s phony, 11–12, 67

Pearl Harbor attack, 272

Pechersky, Alexander, 559

Pehle, John, 596, 626–27

Pellepoix, Louis Darquier de, 377

Perechodnik, Calel, 156, 629, 663

Perlasca, Giorgio, 642

Perle, Yehoshua, 528

persecution, Jewish.
See

anti-Jewish measures;

extermination campaign

Pétain, Henri-Philippe, 67, 75, 110, 120, 169, 176, 186, 275, 378, 551.
See also
Vichy France

Petre, Andrei, 168

Pfannenstiel, Otto, 458

Pfundtner, Hans, 141

Phayer, Michael, 515

Photography and the Holocaust,
xiii

Pilsudski, Józef, 26

Pinsk, 45, 208

Pithiviers concentration camp, 416

Pius XI (pope), 58, 72–73 Pius XII (pope).
See also
Vatican

anti-Semitism of, 184–87

euthanasia protest by, 74

intervention in Brazil by, 86

intervention in Hungary by, 619–20

intervention in Slovakia by, 373, 640

protests to, 94, 185–86, 516

relations of, with Hitler and Nazi Germany, 58, 71–75, 561–74

Plaszow slave labor camp, 529–30

plunder.
See
expropriation campaign

plutocracy, Jewish, xx, 18, 23–24

Pohl, Dieter, 360

Pohl, Johannes, 590

Pohl, Oswald, 233, 235, 346, 498–501, 585

Poland

anti-Jewish terror campaign in, 16–30

anti-Semitism in, 24–26, 384–87

Catholic Church in, 71, 184–85, 537–38

deportations from, 138–44

deportations within, 30–37

diarists in, 3–6, 4–6, 61–63, 106

emigration of Jews from, 82–94

euthanasia and compulsory sterilization in, 14–16, 364

evolution of violence in, 187–92

extortion of escaping Jews in, 534–37

German reaction to murder of Jews in, 513

government-in-exile of, 47–48, 250–51, 454–58, 461–62, 598–99

Hitler’s plans for, 11–14

Jewish Councils and ghettos in, 37–43, 61–63

Jewry of, 6–8, 43–48

Nazi invasion of, 3–4

Pius XII and, 568–69

Polish indifference in Warsaw, 533–34

Soviet liberation of, 629, 632

Soviet massacre of Polish officers, 475, 477–78

extermination of Jews in Bialystok, 529–30

Polgar, Alfred, 84

police, Jewish, 156–57

political influence, Jewish lack of, xxiv, 8–10

Poltava, 234

Pomerania, 14–15, 94

Ponar, 221, 325–27, 531

popes.
See
Pius XI (pope);

Pius XII (pope)

Popitz, Johannes, 511–12, 635

Popular Front, 109

populations

anti-Semitism of (
see
anti-Semitism)

awareness of (
see
awareness, public)

in Belgium, 259, 422–23 Christians (
see
Christian churches)

in Europe, 6–8, 189–91

expropriation campaign involvement of, 500, 501

extortion of escaping Jews, 534–37

in France, 174–75, 379–80, 418–19

in Holland, 410–13 individuals (
see
individuals)

Jewish misjudgement of support by, 9–10

Jewish reaction to Soviet communists, 44–48

leadership (
see
elites; leadership)

mass executions of Jews by local partisans, 240

(
see also
partisans)

in Nazi Germany, xx–xxiv, 38–39, 53–54, 252–55, 296, 338–39, 514–15, 634, 649, 653–55

in Palestine, 596–97