Authors: Jonathan Israel
Tags: #History, #Europe, #France, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #18th Century, #Philosophy, #Political, #Social
Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas (1756–1819), Montagnard leader,
272
,
275
–
76
,
285
,
313
,
362
,
367
–
68
,
504
,
512
,
537
,
549
,
554
,
575
–
77
,
584
–
85
,
587
,
589
,
599
,
605
–
6
,
711
; and sansculottes,
313
,
469
,
505
;
Élements du républicanisme
(1793),
354
,
367
bishops.
See
episcopate
black emancipation,
122
,
220
,
396
–
419
,
478
,
500
–
501
,
510
,
623
,
636
,
704
; Amis des Noirs (
see
Amis des Noirs, Société des
); Cercle social,
122
,
128
Blois (Loire-et-Cher department),
488
–
89
Blok, Bernardus (1756–1818), Dutch Patriot leader,
337
Bohan, Alain (1750–1814), constitutional theorist and Convention deputy,
364
,
803
Böhmer, Georg Wilhelm (1761–1839), Mainz revolutionary,
319
,
330
,
340
Boilly, Louis-Léopold (1761–1845), artist,
433
,
474
,
523
Boisgelin, Jean Raymond de Cucé de (1732–1804), archbishop of Aix, National Assembly, leader of the clergy,
193
;
Exposition of Principles
(1790),
193
Boisset, Joseph de (1748–1813), Montagnard representative-on-mission, in Lyon (1795),
606
–
7
Boissy d’Anglas, François Antoine (1756–1826), centrist revolutionary leader,
591
,
597
,
604
,
607
–
10
,
612
,
629
,
631
,
674
–
75
,
711
Bolts, Willem (1735–1808), Dutch writer on British India,
265
Bonguyod, Marc-François (1751–1805), Convention deputy,
365
Bonneville, Nicolas de (1760–1828), revolutionary publicist,
29
,
57
–
58
,
60
–
61
,
66
,
77
,
120
,
125
,
129
,
135
,
138
,
155
,
160
,
205
,
275
,
285
,
544
,
633
,
674
,
696
,
712
; and republicanism,
120
–
21
,
142
,
166
,
177
,
181
,
269
,
282
,
703
;
Le Tribun du Peuple
(1789),
120
;
Le Vieux Tribun et sa Bouche de Fer
(1796–97)
674
,
685
(see also
Bouche de Fer
)
Bordeaux,
11
,
67
,
168
,
174
,
189
,
460
,
508
; as Brissotin stronghold,
282
,
451
,
461
,
475
; churches and clergy of,
196
,
476
,
486
; economy and population of,
7
,
399
,
401
,
410
,
475
; and Jews,
183
; parlement of,
98
; revolutionary clubs of,
168
,
217
,
456
,
476
; and sansculottes,
312
,
314
,
438
,
475
; sections of,
104
,
475
; and slave trade (
see
slave trade
); theaters of,
518
–
19
; and Terror,
508
,
529
–
30
Bouche de fer
(revolutionary journal),
120
,
127
–
28
,
136
,
155
,
160
,
162
,
177
,
206
,
215
Boulanger, Nicolas-Antoine (1722–59), radical philosophe,
19
,
88
,
144
,
181
,
289
,
391
Boulogne (Pas-de-Calais department),
495
Bourdon, François-Louis (1758–98), Montagnard leader,
670
–
71
Bourdon, Léonard (1754–1807), Montagnard leader,
306
,
483
,
487
–
88
,
505
,
605
;
Le Tombeau des Imposteurs
(1793),
521
–
22
Bourges (Cher department),
189
,
441
,
451
,
463
Boyer-Fonfrède, Jean-Baptiste (1760–93), Brissotin leader,
311
,
370
,
447
,
452
,
454
,
465
,
514
–
15
,
712
Braunschweigisches Journal philosophischen, philologischen und pädagogischen Inhalts
,
235
,
265
bread: one kind of, only (
pain d’égalité
),
436
,
507
,
536
; shortage and prices of,
31
,
118
,
225
,
310
–
13
,
358
,
366
,
368
,
423
,
432
–
33
,
436
,
441
,
456
,
468
–
69
,
504
–
7
,
543
,
600
,
605
,
608
–
9
Breda (United Provinces),
337
Brescia “democratized” (March 1797),
647
Brissot (de Warville), Jacques-Pierre (1754–93), philosophe-révolutionnaire,
3
,
19
,
21
,
24
,
29
,
36
,
49
,
65
,
75
,
77
,
81f
,
93
,
130
,
135
,
181
,
204
–
5
,
247
,
251
,
333
,
365
,
431
,
447
,
450
,
703
,
712
; accused of betraying the Revolution,
269
–
70
,
281
–
83
,
295
,
301
,
307
–
9
,
312
,
315
,
339
,
343
,
354
,
410
,
422
–
25
,
458
,
543
,
553
,
555
,
565
; and appel au public,
308
–
9
,
468
; and black emancipation,
65
,
220
,
396
–
98
,
400
–
401
,
405
,
410
,
514
; and capitalists, capitalism,
156
,
478
,
553
; career of, in legislature (1791–93),
222
,
228
–
30
,
245
,
248
–
49
,
260
,
291
,
422
; and cosmopolitanism,
21
,
265
–
66
,
322
–
23
,
331
; and democratic republicanism,
41
–
42
,
87
–
88
,
117
,
121
,
123
,
150
,
166
,
169
–
70
,
205
,
209
–
10
,
229
,
232
,
248
–
49
,
282
,
349
–
50
,
531
,
565
,
591
–
92
,
699
; expelled from Jacobins,
274
,
281
–
83
,
471
; and press freedom,
41
–
43
,
89
; and human rights,
3
,
41
–
42
,
79
,
82
–
84
,
323
,
405
; opposes annexations,
292
,
317
–
18
; and representation,
54
,
65
–
66
,
100
–
102
,
351
; and Rousseau,
41
,
244
; trial and execution of,
454
,
514
–
15
; and United States,
65
,
349
,
400
; war policy (1791–92) of,
227
,
233
,
237
–
39
,
252
,
514
;
À tous les républicains de France,
sur la Société des Jacobins
(Oct. 1792)
282
–
83
;
Lettres philosophiques sur Saint Paul
(1783),
123
;
Plan de conduite pour les députés du peuple aux États-Généraux
(1789) 54. See also
Le Patriote français