Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre (186 page)

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729–81), enlightener and dramatist,
120

lettres de cachet,
56
,
75
,
100

Levasseur, René (1747–1834), surgeon, Montagnard Convention deputy,
276
,
284
,
589
,
723

Levasseur, Thérèse (d. 1801), Rousseau’s wife,
173
–
74

liberal monarchism.
See
constitutional monarchism

liberty bonnet, cap of liberty, Phrygian bonnet,
iif
,
497
,
519
,
693
,
700

Liège, prince-bishopric,
84
,
239
,
317
,
637
; and revolution,
239
,
260
,
323
,
325
–
27
,
339
–
40
,
395

Lindet, Robert (1746–1825), Jacobin leader opposed to Robespierre,
454
,
601
,
672
,
723

literacy rates,
375

Loches (Indre-et-Loire department),
429

Locke, John (1632–1704), philosopher,
18
,
70
,
232
,
403

Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles de (1727–94), archbishop of Toulouse,
31
,
195
,
203
,
490
,
542

London Corresponding Society,
642

Longo, Alfonso (1738–1804), Milanese enlightener,
649

Louis XIV (reigned 1643–1715), image and reality of,
23
,
100
,
262

Louis XVI (reigned 1774–93),
9
,
55
–
56
,
59
,
62
,
66
,
72
,
74
,
103
,
111
,
130
,
153
,
175
; as “chef de la Révolution,”
145
,
153
,
175
,
241
,
247
; dethronement of,
276
–
77
,
316
; and religious piety,
163
,
193
,
203
; repudiates the 1791 constitution,
163
,
165
,
208
,
230
,
248
,
253
; flight of, to Varennes (June 1791),
162
–
67
,
175
,
209
,
253
,
282
; trial and execution of,
295
,
305
–
11
,
311f
,
330
,
541
,
655
; vetoes decrees against émigrés and nonjuring clergy,
227
–
30
,
233
,
258
; and war policy (1791),
237
–
38
,
241

Louis-Charles de Normandie (1785–95) (Dauphin 1789–93; “Louis XVII,” reigned 1793–95),
167
,
257
,
327
,
611
,
723

Louis-Stanislas Xavier, comte de Provence (1755–1824) (“Louis XVIII,” reigned 1814–24),
164
,
326
–
28
; and anti-constitutionalism,
328
,
445
,
611
,
673

Louvet (de Couvrai), Jean-Baptiste (1760–97), revolutionary journalist and Convention deputy,
3
,
247
,
256
–
57
,
268
–
69
,
274
–
76
,
283
–
84
,
287
,
295
,
301
,
308
–
9
,
312
–
13
,
426
,
435
,
437
,
446
,
544
,
590
,
629
,
631
–
32
,
723
; denounces Robespierre,
290
–
91
,
305
,
600
,
697
; as fugitive (from June 1793),
450
–
51
,
453
,
459
–
60
,
512
;
La Sentinelle
(1792–93),
264
,
269
,
274
,
460
,
513

Lux, Adam (1765–1793), Mainz Jacobin,
270
,
342
,
431
,
471
–
3
,
531
,
723
;
Avis aux citoyens français
(1793),
473

Luxemburg,
317

Lyon (Ville-Affranchie),
15
,
146
–
47
,
189
,
432
,
434
,
445
,
543
,
545
,
671
; and Jacobins,
168
,
287
,
434
; and Montagne overthrown (29 May 1793),
445
–
46
,
451
,
465
,
542
–
43
; and rioting,
146
–
47
,
314
,
445
,
607
; and royalists,
198
; sections of,
104
; and silk industry,
146
; Terror at,
525
–
27
,
606
–
7
; and “White Terror,”
607
; and womenfolk,
508
,
527
–
28
; working class,
113
,
146
–
47
,
220
,
440
,
526
;
Journal de Lyon
,
225
,
434

Maastricht (Dutch Republic),
337
–
38
,
395

Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (1709–85), philosophe,
19
–
20
,
50
,
68
,
71
,
119
,
121
,
143
,
151
,
289
,
348
,
353
,
366
,
480
,
633
,
676
–
77

Mackintosh, James (1765–1832), Scots jurist, politician, and historian,
265

Madison, James (1751–1836), American Founding Father,
265

Maillard, Stanislas-Marie (1763–94), sansculotte agitator,
272
,
538

Mainz (Rheinland),
235
–
36
,
317
,
319
–
21
,
340
–
42
,
395
; and Jacobins,
319
–
21
,
340
; and Jews,
319
,
321
; and revolutionary publishing,
320
–
2
; siege (1793) of,
420
,
440
,
472
,
504
; university of,
321
;
De Patriot
(1792–93),
320
–
21
;
Neue Mainzer Zeitung
(1792–93),
320
,
326
.
See also
Rhenish Republic

Maistre, Joseph de (1751–1821), Savoyard Counter-Enlightenment writer,
699
,
701
–
2

Malesherbes, Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de (1721–94), royal minister,
388
,
688

Mallarmé, François-René-Auguste (1755–1835), Montagnard deputy,
447
,
468

Mallet du Pan, Jacques (1749–1800), counterrevolutionary journalist,
18
,
33
,
46
,
132
,
152
,
225
,
548
,
723