Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974 (152 page)

50.
Donovan,
Tumultuous Years
, 352.

51.
Truman,
Memoirs
, 2:499–510.

52.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 87.

53.
Newsweek
, April 30, 1951, p. 18; Oakley,
God's Country
, 88.

54.
Oakley,
God's Country, go; Newsweek
, April 30, 1951, p. 20; Halberstam,
Fifties
, 115; McCullough,
Truman
, 848–51.

55.
McCullough,
Truman
, 847–48.

56.
Newsweek
, April 30, 1951, p. 18.

57.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 88.

58.
Newsweek
, April 30, 1951, p. 24.

59.
McCullough,
Truman
, 844.

60.
William Leuchtenburg, A
Troubled Feast: American Society Since
1945 (Boston, 1973), 22.

61.
McCullough,
Truman
, 846–47.

62.
Rosemary Foot, A
Substitute for Victory: The Politics of Peacemaking at the Korean Armistice Talks
(Ithaca, 1990).

63.
Bernstein, "Truman Administration," 438–40.

64.
Caddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 123; Bernstein, "Truman Administration," 430.

65.
Stephen Whitfield,
The Culture of the Cold War
(Baltimore, 1991), 5.

66.
Boyer, "'Some Sort of Peace,'" 198.

67.
Ibid., 198.

68.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 123.

69.
Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 294–96, 327–30, says there was no explicit nuclear threat but that Eisenhower's reputation as a man who would go all-out to win probably influenced the enemy to deal. See also Foot, "Making Known."

70.
John Dower, "Occupied Japan and the Cold War in Asia," in Lacey, ed.,
Truman Presidency
, 361–400.

71.
McMahon, "Toward a Post-Colonial Order," 352–55.

72.
Maeva Marcus,
Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power
(New York, 1977); Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman
, 144–45. The case was
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co
. v.
Sawyer
, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).

73.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 47, 68.

74.
Serge Guilbaut,
How New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art: Abstract Expressionism, Freedom, and the Cold War
(Chicago, 1983); and Erika Doss,
Benton, Pollock, and the Politics of Modernism from Regionalism to Abstract Expressionism
(Chicago, 1991). Guilbaut, however, argues that the "freedom" celebrated by abstract expressionists appealed to Cold Warriors in the United States.

75.
Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 80, 170–72.

76.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 71; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 166–69.

77.
Martin Duberman,
Paul Robeson
(New York, 1988), 328–30, 388–89, 414–25; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 192–201.

78.
Richard Pells,
The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age: American Intellectuals in the
1940s
and
1950s (New York, 1985), 310.

79.
Peter Biskind,
Seeing Is Believing: How Hollywood Taught Us to Stop Worrying and Love the Fifties
(New York, 1983), 162. Nora Sayre,
Running Time: Films of the Cold War
(New York, 1982), 80, counts fifty such films between 1947 and 1954.

80.
Les Adler, "The Politics of Culture: Hollywood and the Cold War," in Griffith and Theoharis, eds.,
Specter
, 240–61; Sayre,
Running Time
, 80–99; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 133.

81.
Biskind,
Seeing Is Believing
, 102–13.

82.
Pells,
Liberal Mind
, 310.

83.
Richard Polenberg,
One Nation Divisible: Class, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States Since
1938 (New York, 1980), 119; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 187–92.

84.
Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 29; Richard Fried,
Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective
(New York, 1990), 150–53.

85.
Robert Griffith,
The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate
(Lexington, Ky., 1970), 118–19; John Diggins,
The Proud Decades: America in War and Peace, 1941–1960
(New York, 1988), 117.

86.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 116–17.

87.
Gary May,
China Scapegoat: The Diplomatic Ordeal of John Carter Vincent
(Washington, 1979); E. J. Kahn,
The China Hands: America's Foreign Service Officers and What Befell Them
(New York, 1975); Griffith,
Politics of Fear
, 133–35; Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 145–50.

88.
Polenberg,
One Nation Divisible
, 123.

1.
Vincent De Santis, "Eisenhower Revisionism,"
Review of Politics
, 38 (April 1976), 196.
Chicago Tribune
, Jan. 10, 1982

2.
Stephen Ambrose,
Eisenhower: Soldier and President
(New York, 1990), 11. Other useful books on Ike include Herbert Parmet,
Eisenhower and the American Crusades
(New York, 1972); Robert Burk, Dwight D. Eisenhower: Hero and Politician Boston, 1986); R. Alton Lee,
Dwight
D.
Eisenhower: Soldier and Statesman
(Chicago, 1981); Charles Alexander,
Holding the Line: The Eisenhower Era
, 1952–1961 (Bloomington, Ind., 1975); and William Pickett,
Dwight D. Eisenhower and American Power
(Wheeling, 111., 1995).

3.
Richard Hofstadter,
Anti-lntellectualism in American Life
(New York, 1963), 10.

4.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "The Ike Age Revisited,"
Reviews in American History
, 4 (March 1983), 11. See also Richard Rovere,
The Eisenhower Years: Affairs of State
(New York, 1956), 8.

5.
Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 416.

6.
James David Barber,
The Presidential Character: Predicting Perfection in the White House
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1972), 161.

7.
I. F. Stone,
The Haunted Fifties
, 1953–1963 (Boston, 1983), 6 (Jan. 24, 1953).

8.
Marquis Childs,
Eisenhower: Captive Hero
(London, 1959), 261; J. Ronald Oakley,
God's Country: America in the Fifties
(New York, 1986), 152.

9.
Clark Clifford, "Serving the President: The Truman Years (2),"
New Yorker
, April 1, 1991, p. 12.

10.
Robert Divine,
Eisenhower and the Cold War
(New York, 1981), 6; William O'Neill,
American High: The Years of Confidence
, 1945–1960 (New York, 1986), 177; Robert Donovan,
Eisenhower: The Inside Story
(New York, 1956), 3; Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 292–93.

11.
Divine,
Eisenhower and the Cold War
, 8.

12.
Fred Greenstein, "Dwight D. Eisenhower: Leadership Theorist in the White House," in Greenstein, ed.,
Leadership in the Modern Presidency
(Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 77.

13.
Craig Allen,
Eisenhower and the Mass Media: Peace, Prospects, and Prime-Time
TV (Chapel Hill, 1993); Robert Griffith, "Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth,"
American Historical Review
, 87 (Feb. 1982), 95.

14.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 430.

15.
Kempton, "The Underestimation of Dwight D. Eisenhower,"
Esquire
, 68 (Sept. 1967), 108ff. See also Stephen Rabe, "Eisenhower Revisionism: A Decade of Scholarship,"
Diplomatic History
, 17 (Winter 1993), 97–115.

16.
Griffith, "Dwight D. Eisenhower," 88.

17.
Schlesinger, "Ike Age Revisited," 6.

18.
Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 246–48.

19.
Robert Griffith, "Forging America's Postwar Order: Domestic Politics and Political Economy in the Age of Truman," in Michael Lacey, ed.,
The Truman Presidency
(Washington, 1989), 88.

20.
Dwight Eisenhower,
Mandate for Change
(New York, 1963), 54–78.

21.
David Halberstam,
The Fifties
(New York, 1993), 209; James Patterson,
Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert A. Taft
(Boston, 1972), 483–84.

22.
Divine,
Eisenhower and the Cold War
, 4.

23.
Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 267.

24.
Patterson,
Mr. Republican
, 509–34; Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, 270–75; Eisenhower,
Mandate for Change
, 79–110; Paul David,
Presidential Nominating Politics in
1952, Vol. 4 (Baltimore, 1954).

25.
Sherman Adams,
First-Hand Report: The Story of the Eisenhower Administration
(New York, 1961), 34; Alexander,
Holding the Line
, 11.

26.
Roger Morris,
Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician
(New York, 1990), 695–736; Parmet,
Eisenhower and the American Crusades
, 102–17.

27.
Alonzo Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal: Harry
S.
Truman and American Liberalism
(New York, 1973), 493.

28.
Fred Siegel,
Troubled Journey: From Pearl Harbor to Ronald Reagan
(New York, 1984), 98. Biographies include John Bartlow Martin,
Adlai Stevenson of Illinois
(Garden City, N. Y., 1976), and
Adlai Stevenson and the World: The Life of Adlai Stevenson
(Garden City, N.Y., 1977); and Bert Cochran,
Adlai Stevenson: Patrician Among the Politicians
(New York, 1969).

29.
Siegel,
Troubled Journey
, 99.