Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974 (150 page)

7.
Dean Rusk, as told to Richard Rusk, As I
Saw It
(New York, 1990), 141.

8.
Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 371; Wolfe,
America's Impasse
, 174–76.

9.
Ernest May, "Cold War and Defense," in Keith Nelson and Robert Haycock, eds.,
The Cold War and Defense
(New York, 1990), 44–51.

10.
Ibid, 44–54.

11.
Evan Thomas and Walter Isaacson,
The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made
(New York, 1986), 338.

12.
Robert Jungk,
Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: The Story of the Men Who Made the Bomb
(New York, 1958), 265.

13.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 82–83; Pollard, "National Security State."

14.
Barbara Tuchman,
Stilwell and the American Experience in China
, 1911–1945 (New York, 1970), 3–5, 283, 494.

15.
Tang Tsou,
America's Failure in China
, 1941–1950 (Chicago, 1963); Dorothy Borg and Waldo Heinrichs,
Uncertain Years: Chinese and American Relations
, 1947–1950 (New York, 1980); Robert McMahon, "The Cold War in Asia: Towards a New Synthesis,"
Diplomatic History
, 12 (Summer 1988), 307–27.

16.
William Stueck,
The Wedemeyer Mission: American Politics and Foreign Policy During the Cold War
(Athens, Ga., 1984).

17.
Barton Bernstein and Allen Matusow, eds.,
The Truman Administration: A Documentary History
(New York, 1966), 300–309.

18.
Richard Fried,
Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective
(New York, 1990), 87–89.

19.
Fred Siegel,
Troubled Journey: From Pearl Harbor to Ronald Reagan
(
New York
, 1984), 72.

20.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 68–70; McMahon, "Cold War in Asia."

21.
Robert McMahon, "Toward a Post-Colonial Order: Truman Administration Policies Toward South and Southeast Asia," in Lacey, ed.,
Truman Presidency
, 352–55. Vietnam was a part of French Indochina; it included Annam, Tonkin, and Cochin China.

22.
McCullough,
Truman
, 761.

23.
David Halberstam,
The Fifties
(New York, 1993), 29–33.

24.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 79–82.

25.
Ibid., 81.

26.
Halberstam,
Fifties
, 46; Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 82.

27.
Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 374.

28.
J. Ronald Oakley,
God's Country: America in the Fifties
(New York, 1986), 45. The British conducted a successful atomic test off the coast of Australia in October 1952; the French followed in February 1960, with tests in the Sahara. China become the fifth nuclear power in 1964. See
chapter 10
for discussion of testing of H-"bombs" in the mid-1950s.

29.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 91–99.

30.
Samuel Wells, "Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat,"
International Security
, 4 (Fall 1979), 129–30.

31.
Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment
, 99.

32.
Ibid., 93–94. The emphasis is mine.

33.
Ibid., 100–101; Wells, "Sounding the Tocsin."

34.
Wells, "Sounding the Tocsin."

35.
Walter Goodman,
The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities
(New York, 1964).

36.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 50–56.

37.
Gary Gerstle,
Working-Class Americanism: The Politics of Labor in an Industrial City
, 1914–1960 (Cambridge, Eng., 1989), 278–309.

38.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom
(Boston, 1949), 151; Stephen Whitfield,
The Culture of the Cold War
(Baltimore, 1991), 43.

39.
Alan Berube,
Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II
(New York, 1990).

40.
Joseph Goulden,
The Best Years, 1945–1950
(New York, 1976), 278–88; Robert Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman and the Modern American Presidency
(Boston, 1983), 134–35.

41.
David Caute,
The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower
(
New York
, 1978), 55–56.

42.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 57–67.

43.
Ibid., 85, 97; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 92–94.

44.
David Oshinsky, "Labor's Cold War: The CIO and the Communists," in Robert Griffith and Athan Theoharis, eds.,
The Specter: Original Essays on the Cold War and the Origins of McCarthyism
(New York, 1974), 116–51. See also
chapter 2
.

45.
As an example, Schlesinger,
Vital Center
, 102–30.

46.
Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 114.

47.
David Shannon,
The Decline of American Communism: A History of the Communist Party in the United States Since
1945 (New York, 1959).

48.
Samuel Stouffer,
Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties: A Cross-Section of the Nation Speaks Its Mind
(Garden City, N.Y., 1955), 59–87.

49.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 59–60

50.
Ibid., 97–99; Marty Jezer,
The Dark Ages: Life in the United States
, 1945–1960 (Boston, 1982), 85.

51.
Mary McAuliffe, "The Politics of Civil Liberties: The American Civil Liberties Union During the McCarthy Years," in Griffith and Theoharis, eds.,
Specter
, 152–71; Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 164–66.

52.
Diane Ravitch,
The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945–1980
(New York, 1983), 94ff; Ellen Schrecker,
No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities
(New York, 1986), 105–25, 308–37; Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 101–4.

53.
Richard Pells,
The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age: American Intellectuals in the
1940s
and
1950s (New York, 1985), 288.

54.
Ravitch,
Troubled Crusade
, 96.

55.
Ibid., 97–98.

56.
Schrecker,
No Ivory Tower
, 339–41.

57.
Willam O'Neill,
American High: The Years of Confidence
, 1945–1960 (New York, 1986), 165–68.

58.
Russell Jacoby,
The Last Intellectuals: American Culture in the Age of Academe
(New York, 1987), 125–26.

59.
Pells,
Liberal Mind
, 288; John Diggins,
The Proud Decades: America in War and Peace
, 1941–1960 (New York, 1988), 166.

60.
This was of course an inaccurate acronym.

61.
Richard Freeland,
The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism: Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics, and Internal Security
, 1946–1948 (New York, 1970), 117–34.

62.
Richard Powers, "Anti-Communist Lives,"
American Quarterly
, 41 (Dec. 1989), 714–23.

63.
David Oshinsky,
New York Times Book Review
, Sept. 15, 1991.

64.
Jezer,
Dark Ages
, 84.

65.
Robert Griffith, "Harry S. Truman and the Burden of Modernity,"
Reviews in American History
, 9 (Sept. 1981), 299.

66.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 83–84; Halberstam,
Fifties
, 335–42.

67.
Halberstam,
Fifties
, 12.

68.
Time
, March 16, 1950, p. 17.

69.
Les Adler, "The Politics of Culture: Hollywood and the Cold War," in Griffith and Theoharis, eds.,
Specter
, 240–61; Goulden,
Best Years
, 297.

70.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 74–77; Caute,
Great Fear
, 487–516.

71.
Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 142.

72.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 74–77.

73.
Ibid., 66–68.

74.
Goulden,
Best Years
, 309.

75.
Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 388.

76.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 67.

77.
341 U.S. 494.

78.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 114; Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 45–51; Schrecker,
No Ivory Tower
, 6.

79.
Whitfield,
Culture of the Cold War
, 45–51.

80.
Ibid., 50.

81.
Alistair Cooke, A
Generation on Trial: U.S.A
. v.
Alger Hiss
(New York, 1950); Allen Weinstein,
Perjury: The Alger Hiss Case
(New York, 1978); Goulden,
Best Years
, 322–34; Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 379–81.

82.
Goulden,
Best Years
, 324.

83.
Pells,
Liberal Mind
, 271.

84.
Siegel,
Troubled Journey
, 74.

85.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 22.