Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974 (151 page)

86.
Thomas Reeves,
The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy: A Biography
(New York, 1982), 223–28; Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 120–24.

87.
Reeves,
Life and Times
, 235–42; Richard Fried,
Men Against McCarthy
(New York, 1976), 43–57.

88.
David Oshinsky, A
Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy
(New York, 1983), 30–35; Oakley,
God's Country
, 60.

89.
Richard Rovere,
Senator Joe McCarthy
(New York, 1959), 122–23.

90.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 61.

91.
William Leuchtenburg, A
Troubled Feast: American Society Since
1945 (Boston, 1973), 36.

92.
Rovere,
Senator Joe McCarthy
, 49; Siegel,
Troubled Journey
, 77.

93.
Rovere,
Senator Joe McCarthy
, 11; Oakley,
God's Country
, 61.

94.
Godfrey Hodgson,
America in Our Time
(Garden City, N.Y., 1976), 42–43.

95.
Stanley Kutler,
The Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War
(New York, 1982), 183–214; Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 125–28.

96.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 58.

97.
Fried,
Nightmare in Red
, 128–30.

98.
Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 396–97.

99.
Robert Griffith,
The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate
(Lexington, Ky., 1970), 100.

100.
Ibid., 101.

101.
Edwin Bayley,
Joe McCarthy and the Press
(Madison, 1981); James Baughman,
The Republic of Mass Culture: Journalism, Filmmaking, and Broadcasting in America Since
1945 (Baltimore, 1992), 6.

102.
Siegel,
Troubled Journey, 73
.

103.
Halberstam,
Fifties
, 52–53.

104.
Jonathan Rieder, "The Rise of the Silent Majority," in Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle, eds.,
The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order
, 1930–1980 (Princeton, 1989), 247; Pells,
Liberal Mind
, 333.

105.
Griffith,
Politics of Fear
, 101–14.

106.
Hodgson,
America in Our Time
, 34.

107.
Griffith,
Politics of Fear
, 115.

108.
James Patterson,
Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert A. Taft
(Boston, 1972), 455–59.

109.
George Kennan,
Memoirs
, 1950–1963 (Boston, 1972), 228.

110.
See
chapter 9
.

111.
Caute,
Great Fear
, 62–68; Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton,
The Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth
(New York, 1983). The Rosenbergs were the first American civilians to suffer the death penalty in an espionage trial.

112.
Newsweek
, Jan. 11, 1993, p. 32.

1.
Clay Blair,
The Forgotten War: America in Korea
, 1950–1953 (New York, 1987).

2.
David Rees,
Korea: The Limited War
(Baltimore, 1964), 460.

3.
David McCullough,
Truman
(New York, 1992), 785–86.

4.
Rosemary Foot, "Making Known the Unknown War: Policy Analysis of the Korean Conflict in the Last Decade,"
Diplomatic History
, 15 (Summer 1991), 411–31; William Stueck,
The Korean War: An Internatonal History
(Princeton, 1995).

5.
Barton Bernstein, "The Truman Administration and the Korean War," in Michael Lacey, ed.,
The Truman Presidency
(Washington, 1989), 419.

6.
Ibid., 417.

7.
Sergei Gocharov, John Lewis, and Xue Litai,
Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War
(Palo Alto, 1994); Jacob Heilbrun, "Who's to Blame for the Korean War? The Revision Thing,"
New Republic
, Aug. 15, 1994, pp. 31–38; Bruce Cumings,
The Origins of the Korean War: The Roaring of the Cataract
, 1947–1950 (Princeton, 1990).

8.
Robert McMahon, "Toward a Post-Colonial Order: Truman Administration Policies Toward South and Southeast Asia," in Lacey, ed.,
Truman Presidency
, 364.

9.
William Stueck,
The Road to Confrontation: American Policy Toward China and Korea
, 1947–1950 (Chapel Hill, 1981), 177–220; Glenn Paige,
The Korean Decision: June 24–30
, 1950 (New York, 1968); Robert Donovan,
The Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman
, 1949–1953 (New York, 1982), 187–240.

10.
McMahon, "Toward a Post-Colonial Order," 339–65; Foot, "Making Known."

11.
Bernstein, "Truman Adminsitration," 422.

12.
Robert Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman and the Modern American Presidency
(Boston, 1983), 124.

13.
Bernstein, "Truman Administration," 425.

14.
McCullough,
Truman
, 782–83.

15.
Ibid., 781–83; Alonzo Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal: Harry S. Truman and American Liberalism
(New York, 1973), 404–8.

16.
Newsweek
, July 10, 1950, p. 24.

17.
Ronald Oakley,
God's Country: America in the Fifties
(New York, 1986), 78; William O'Neill,
American High: The Years of Confidence, 1945–1960
(New York, 1986), 118; on Harsch, Fred Siegel,
Troubled Journey: From Pearl Harbor to Ronald Reagan
(New York, 1984), 80.

18.
Callum MacDonald,
Korea: The War Before Vietnam
(New York, 1986), 203.

19.
David Halberstam,
The Fifties
(New York, 1993), 74.

20.
McCullough,
Truman
, 785–87.

21.
Foot, "Making Known."

22.
Robert Divine, "Vietnam Reconsidered,"
Diplomatic History
, 12 (Winter 1988), 79–93.

23.
Robert Leckie,
Conflict: The History of the Korean War
, 1950–1953 (New York, 1962), 50–73; Rees,
Korea
, 36–54; Stueck,
Road to Confrontation
, 223–31; Mac-Donald,
Korea
, 48–50.

24.
Trumbull Higgins,
Korea and the Fall of MacArthur: A Precis in Limited War
(New York, 1960), 44.

25.
For MacArthur, see D. Clayton James,
The Years of MacArthur
, Vol. 3 (Boston, 1985); and Douglas Schaller,
MacArthur: The Far Eastern General
(New York, 1989).

26.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 79; Halberstam,
Fifties
, 79–82; Stephen Ambrose,
Eisenhower: Soldier and President
(New York, 1990), 42–52.

27.
McCullough,
Truman
, 792–94.

28.
Donovan,
Tumultuous Years
, 268–80; James,
Years of MacArthur
, 476.

29.
Bernstein, "Truman Administration," 429–32.

30.
Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal
, 407.

31.
Harry S. Truman,
Memoirs
, Vol. 2,
Years of Trial and Hope
(Garden City, N.Y., 1956), 414–20; Stueck,
Road to Confrontation
, 238–39; Donovan,
Tumultuous Years
, 284–88; MacDonald,
Korea
, 57–59.

32.
Higgins,
Korea and the Fall
, 58; McCullough,
Truman
, 800–807.

33.
Foot, "Making Known."

34.
This was among the many causes of the Sino-Soviet split that only later became apparent to the West.

35.
Halberstam,
Fifties
, 104–7.

36.
Leckie,
Conflict
, 178–96; Rees,
Korea
, 161–77.

37.
John Gaddis,
Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy
(New York, 1982), 118; MacDonald,
Korea
, 71–90.

38.
McCullough,
Truman
, 808–13.

39.
Stephen Ambrose,
Nixon: The Education of a Politician
, 1913–1962 (New York, 1987), 197–223; Ingrid Winther Scobie,
Center Stage: Helen Gahagan Douglas: A Life
(New York, 1992), 221–52; Roger Morris,
Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician
(New York, 1990), 515–624; Richard Fried, "Electoral Politics and McCarthyism: The 1950 Campaign," in Robert Griffith and Athan Theoharis, eds.,
The Specter: Original Essays on the Cold War and the Origins of McCarthyism
(New York, 1974), 190–223.

40.
Paul Boyer, "'Some Sort of Peace': President Truman, the American People, and the Atomic Bomb," in Lacey, ed.,
Truman Presidency
, 192; McCullough,
Truman
, 820–22.

41.
McCullough,
Truman
, 826–31.

42.
Ibid., 815–16.

43.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 84.

44.
Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman
, 124; Leckie,
Conflict
, 204–26; Rees,
Korea
, 176–95; McCullough,
Truman
, 831–33.

45.
Halberstam,
Fifties
, 109.

46.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 87.

47.
McCullough,
Truman
, 835–37; Halberstam,
Fifties
, 113–14.

48.
Oakley,
God's Country
, 87.

49.
Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman
, 127; McCullough,
Truman
, 837–39; James,
Years of MacArthur
, 589–90.