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definition of, 163
description of, 146–147
laxatives, 336
‘laying on of hands’, 305t
Lead Midwife for Education, 11, 16, 19 leadership
definition of, 25, 38 escalating concerns and, 33
learning disabilities parenting and, 109, 110
perinatal mental illness and, 288t learning environment, importance of, to
staff, 27
learning styles, 12
leg elevation, thromboembolism management and, 368
legislation
European Union, 3, 16
on medicine prescribing, dispensing or administering, 327
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities, 50
lesbian mothers, healthcare for, 50 let-down reflex, 213
LH.
See
Luteinizing hormone licensed, definition of, 344 licensing
of medicine, 328
of registered midwives, 16 limbic system, 129
limbs of newborn, examining, 195t link lecturers, 12
listening
grief and loss and importance of, 377b woman-midwife relationship and, 77–78
listeria, definition of, 138 literacy, 245
litres, converting millilitres to, 339 live births
conception statistics and, 241
in England and Wales, between 1961 and 2011, 242f
liver
excretion of medications via, 331 metabolism of medicine in, 331
LME.
See
Lead Midwife for Education LMWH.
See
Low molecular weight heparin local anasethetic, definition of, 163
Local Supervising Authority, 19 Midwifery Officer, 12
lochia, 168–169
London Paralympics, 53 loss
care after, 379–380
communication and, 376–377, 377b, 384 peer support for midwives and, 383 responses to, 374
terms associated with, 373–374 theories associated with responses to,
374–375
understanding theories of, 377, 384
lotus birth, 158 low birth weight
maternal anxiety and, 291 physiological jaundice and, 199
low molecular weight heparin, 337, 368 lower income, poorer health outcomes and,
246
LSA audits, 14, 16 lungs
excretion of medications via, 331 newborn, 189, 192, 193
luteinizing hormone, 169 lying-in period
description of, 167 moving away from, 175

 

Maastricht Treaty, 3 macrocytic, definition of, 138 macrosomia, definition of, 260
magnesium sulphate, eclampsia treatment and, 362
Maharishi Ayurvedic medicine, 306t maintenance, in stages of change model, 66t major depressive illness, 290
malaria, 127, 128
male condoms, 270, 271f male sterilisation, 276 malnutrition
iron deficiency anaemia and, 128 maternal, childhood disease in later life
and, 250 management
definition of, 25, 38 escalating concerns and, 33
manipulation, definition of, 319 March, Char, 385
marijuana, 256
marital relationship, maternal depression and, 289
marital satisfaction, birth of baby and, 72–73 marriage
characteristics of North West European model of, 92–93
decline in, 44
Judeo-Christian worldview and, 91 pregnancy outside, 50
same-sex, 94
traditional social contract of, 95 Martineau, Harriet, 43
Marx, Karl, 43
masculinity, 50
Maslow, Abraham, 63
massage therapy, 305t, 306t, 308t, 312 pain management in labour and, 155 perineal, 158
Master’s Degree, 16
mastitis, 224, 228–229
maternal age, 245 advanced
changes to postnatal care and, 173 definitions, 107t
deviations from normality and, 129 relative risk of babies with chormosomal
abnormalities according to, 109t
risks attendant with older age conception, 108f
venous thromboembolism and, 173 conception trends by, 102–103, 102f
maternal ambivalence, 72 maternal deaths, 242t
definition of, 385 factors related to, 384
major obstetric haemorrhage as leading cause of, 357
perinatal mental illness and, 281, 282 thromboembolic disorders and, 169
maternal-feto-placental circulation, smoking and, 254
maternal health, confidential enquiries into, 245–246
maternal-infant relationship, bonding and, 78
maternal morbidity, physiological, 174–175 maternal mortality
definition of, 242t eclampsia and, 361
perinatal mental illness and, 295 maternal mortality rate, 241, 242t maternal mortality ratio, definition of, 242t maternal obesity, 250–251, 251f
maternal physiological conditions, 125 maternal resuscitation, 350–351
maternal wellbeing, monitoring, in labour, 151–152
maternity care
evidence-based approach to, 121 ‘polarised culture’ of, 31
Maternity Liaison Committee, 14 Maternity Matters, 14, 122, 175, 250, 315 maternity services
CAM in, indications given to women for, 312b
goal of, 24
women as consumers in, 131 mature gravida, definition of, 107t MBRRACE-UK, 284, 293, 298
MCADD.
See
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
McRoberts’ manoeuvre, shoulder dystocia and, 364, 364f, 365
mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 128 mechanism of labour, definition of, 163 meconium, 154, 163
meconium stained liquor, 192, 193 medical concept of health, 238, 238f, 239f,
240f
medical intervention labour and, 156
for woman on birthing ball, 156f medical model
CAM, midwives and challenging dominance of, 311
for childbirth, criticism of, 142 of disability, 52
medical review, 124
medicalisation of childbirth, 54, 311 medicalisation of pregnancy, deviations from
normality and, 129
medically unexplained symptoms, perinatal mental illness and, 288
medication errors, 324, 340
Right environment and reduction in, 325 what to do in cases of, 326–327
medications
avoiding breastfeeding and, 229–230 for oral administration, tablets and liquid
forms of, 329f teratogenicity and, 253
medicine
half life of, 332 side effects of, 332
Medicine Health Regulatory Authority, 327 medicines compendium UK, 327 medicines management
administration of
what to check after, 326
what to check before, 324–325 what to check during, 325 what to do after, 325–326 what to know before, 325
definition of, 344
keeping up to date with, 327 key features of, 324
as key skill for midwives, 323
off label and unlicensed medicine, 328 Rights of Medication and, 324, 324b when and how mistakes can happen with,
326
meditation, 305t, 308t
medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency, neonatal screening for, 202
mementoes of baby definition of, 385 neonatal death and, 381 stillbirths and, 380–381 types of, 381b
men, fathering children across the lifespan, 102
menarche, 102, 103
menopausal stage, 103
menopause, 102, 103, 106
menstrual cycle, contraceptive choices and understanding of, 269
menstruation onset of, 103
post-delivery re-commencing of, 268 Mental Capacity Act of 2005, 180
mental health, 245
importance of, in maternity context, 282 racism and, 51
mental health problems, screening for, 126 mental illness, 45, 248
mental resilience, student midwives, midwives and, 9
mentor/student relationships, 10 mentors
changing, 14
team approach and, 12
MEOWS.
See
Modified Early Obstetric Warning Scoring Systems
MER.
See
Milk ejection reflex
meridians, definition of, 319 meta-analysis, definition of, 84 metabolism, 340
definition of, 344
in pharmacokinetics, 329, 330–331
methyldopa, 361
metoclopramide, 336
MHRA.
See
Medicine Health Regulatory Authority
microcytic, definition of, 138 micrograms
converting grams to, 340 converting millligrams to, 339
micturition, definition of, 138
Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry, 22
midwife educators, 16
midwife lecturer to student ratio, at university, quality measure of, 13
midwife-led continuity models, 124 midwife-woman relationship
for decision-making, 133 intrapartum period and, 143
midwifery
complementary and alternative medicine, women and, 311
holistic model of, 123–124 instinctive, 152
professional status and regulation of, 2 midwifery booking appointment, factors to
discuss at, 125b
midwifery care, fundamental principle of, 33
Midwifery Committee, 3 midwifery concepts, key, 6, 7b midwifery craftsmanship, 155–156
midwifery degree, two awards within, 10 midwifery education and practice, European
Union article 40 of directive 2005/36/ EU and, 4b
midwifery lecturers, educational qualifications and requirements for, 11
midwifery-led care, 123–124
midwifery-led/consultant-led/shared GP care, 123–124
midwifery management, 16 midwifery profession
change and, 1
global recognition of, 2
midwifery programme, two lengths of, 11
midwifery role, as one of expert practitioner, 143
midwifery students career routes for, 16
conflicting commitments faced by,
15
Disclosure and Barring Service investigation of, 15
health screening for, 14–15 quality assurance and, 13–14 recruitment of, 8
support for, 14, 17
Midwife’s Role in Public Health, 240

 

413

 

414
midwives.
see also
woman-midwife relationship
as advocates of gestational mothers and their babies, within diversity of parenting roles, 100, 102
birth preparation classes and, 134
CAM administration and role of, 315–316 community, 176, 177f
definition of, 90–91
detailed neonatal examination by, 204–205
family planning guidance and role of, 266, 277–278
grief and loss and peer support for, 383 health promotion and, 244–245
ICM definition of, 2
ICM on scope of professional practice for, 250
interpersonal skills and attributes of, 7–8 midwifery concepts and unique role of,
7b
newborn care and role of, 188 postnatal examination of newborn by,
172
postnatal examination of woman by, 171 postnatal period and supportiveness of,
73, 82
power dynamics and, 31 psychological importance of woman-
midwife relationship for, 75–76 public health and major role of, 240 review into socioeconomic value of, 124 safeguarding role of, 178
statutory supervision of, 12–13, 16–17,
34
timing of parenthood trends and, 109 women’s decision-making and, 133
Midwives Act, 2, 167
Midwives Associations, 6
Midwives in Teaching, 13, 19
Midwives Institute.
See
Royal College of Midwives
Midwives Rules and Standards, 12 basic resuscitation of newborn, 192
BOOK: Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students
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